Title: MIT Energy Conference: Afternoon Keynote

" Good afternoon everyone. On -- then I'd like to thank you all very much for coming to our conference today. I hope that you're finding it as enjoyable and as interesting as I am on them. I keep it. First of all of a loving introduce myself my name is that Rory Monahan. I'm a mechanical engineering Ph.D. student here at MIT. I'm I'm also one of the content directors for the conference today. -- than I have the honor of introducing our afternoon keynote speaker to you. -- congressman. Since 1999. Congressman and -- has represented Washington's first congressional district in the US House of Representatives. Where he's focused on promoting clean energy protecting the environment. And addressing global warming. He's thought to restore protections. For roadless areas and national forests. And led a successful campaign in the house. Some key limits on oil tanker traffic in Puget Sound. He is also fought to protect the polar bear from the effects of climate change. Congressman and sleep has used his position on the energy and commerce committee. The natural resources committee. On the select committee on energy independence and global warming to promote his vision for clean energy future. The new Apollo energy act. Congressman -- has recently coauthored a book on the clean energy -- revolution. Which we have here. He ruled that went bracken Hendricks. And it's called Apollo speier and it was published made in 2007. So with top ladies and gentlemen if you could join me in welcoming our keynote speaker. Congressman --"

" Well thank you I have to tell you. I am so stunt. By this -- When I went to college it was kind of like an animal house. This is a much different college experience. And congratulations. Iran and applied for the MIT students who believe the future. I am a little bit daunted by my -- responsibilities. Today. And the reason is as I do not hold any post doctoral degrees in any scientifically oriented deals. In fact the only contribution that the entire princely family has made its science. Is that my father taught biology to Jimi Hendrix Garfield high school. In the 1960. And -- something. I may -- did not teach chemistry that would have been a little bit that. More controversial. Nonetheless. Nonetheless I'm here to say that. That it's time for congress this week -- old ways of thinking. Or blogs. -- statutes. So let me say that I think the first thing congress should do next week. Is repealed the second law of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics says prevented perpetuation of the perpetual motion machine for too many years now. And it's time to free ourselves from the virus very. Well that may not work. But there are some things we can do. And we are going to do. Today I thought I would address three issues. One. What role you can individually play. In this clean energy revolution. And your individual contributions or Panama. To why I believe the clean energy revolution. Will succeed. And third what the US congress can do to assist you and your efforts to bring this new economic revolution to American eventually. -- the world. Up first. Think it this -- First. -- do what I think you can do this revolution. And I don't think you know the students here at MIT. The venture capitalists. Business leaders who are developing these scientific. New breakthroughs. All are the people who are important this revolution. Not the politicians. And I say that for two reasons this principle was discovered by Joseph Priestley who discovered oxygen. And I was just read a book that it is called the invention of air pretty good book. It's about his relationship with the scientific process. To politics. And he was very active in both parts of the American revolution the British transformation. And scientific revolution. And he reached a very important conclusion. Which is that politicians are very transient temporary. Only science lasts forever. And it has the scientists. And those who fund them and those who lead them who truly will be remembered. That's a previously thought about -- I think of it. In the US capitol pure comedy I've watched all the -- in the next 35 days for reasons -- make a parent. You'll find a place called statuary hall where we put the statutes to statutes. Of the favorite sons and daughters of every state that is under statute statuary hall. As you walk through there you'll look the statutes. And you'll see a bunch of dead politicians. Of little note who are -- who are no longer remembered whatsoever. And they may have been big who bought that there. Then you come to around the corner and you'll see this picture here you may know the screen. A statue of -- aren't -- a young fellow Utah that no one ever voted for but who invented the television to. And then you walk through the congress you'll see the people who are really going to be remembered a hundred years from now. Some of them may be in this room some of them may be MIT students who put this affairs on. And it is that leadership that is that revolution that we'll be transformative in America and the world and that's why I've come today because you're the most important people in the country. To really pursue this so my message to you is if you're just stick in my elect next slide those who were active in -- this could be you. And we want to seniors that Q what these days in statuary hall. I say that sort of John accurately it it is true. It is true because. We know we need new technology. To solve this problem. We know we have twin challenges before us that are very daunting. That hit us as to -- At the same time. You know its interest with -- this economic collapse. At the very moment we've had this. That -- collapse. And they both necessitate. A media attention. They both necessity. Revolution. To grow green collar jobs and save the planet's atmosphere at the very same time. -- return to point to as to why I believe we are success we will be successful. In this regard. -- hearken to his son. Of Boston. Who recognized. A principle that a fundamental American character. That was John Kennedy. On March 21 1961. UN part of the US congress. And he said we -- gonna put a man in the moon in ten years. Now at the time he said that a lot of people thought that was just that -- thing Tuesday. If you recall the Russians were killed. In launched -- time in this space we launched it's off the ball. Our missiles were blown up on the lines that we had no anything better to -- and computers. We had even been detained yet. So we will. Way way behind the -- But. John F Kennedy. Recognized. A fundamental Tenet of the American character. Which is that we have an energy source here. That is unrivaled in Saudi Arabian oil fields. There unrivaled in the Chinese coal fields that is unrivaled anywhere on the planet earth. That is American intellect. The American injured engine a dynamic creativity and economic growth. And as a result of his recognition. He rallied this country. To this project and succeeded. And inspire people at MIT by the way thank you Mikey. Whose graduates decide that control computer control systems the -- thank you might keep doing that. And as a startup Boston who called us to that challenge. Now we have the same situation faces. We'd now have another leader was calling us to receive challenge and I'm proud to report. That in Barack Obama's first all state of the union speech were still searching would call it. The very first thing he mentioned is America's commitment to clean energy. And he's put muscle and dollars and strategy and energy behind it we have a new revolution. We have a new inspiration. And we have."

" A new cause I think it's very applicable to the original Apollo project and we are ready -- rock and -- now how we can accomplish that. I'll just notes and things that we need to do to get there. This is a chart forgive me apart lasers a little -- Shows odd. I just know this chart. Lasers. Have barely work in here this is a chart to show the energy R&D budgets on the left for the Manhattan project. In the middle or at the Apollo project these -- adjusted dollars in on the right from 1974 to 2008. Our current national R&D budgets Bradley's. Defined. For these three projects. Manhattan. Apollo. And our efforts to save the planet earth ignored green collar economy -- the right down in the swamp of nothingness. We have a challenge."

" Equally. At least equally. Impressive and threatening. -- World War II in the effort to put him here but our research budget is down in the dumps. We need to make in national commitment commensurate. With the nature of this challenge and job number one. Job number one is to get that budget. Up to a level where laser beams work where I can point this actually."

" We need to get up in this area. Equivalent with the Apollo project -- I'll talk when -- a few minutes we're headed that direction. But I believe that his job want a lot of I think. What do I think we're gonna get there wire what do I believe."

" Weirdly these inventions I just want to share with you -- So you -- some of this -- I just want to share with you some of the people that I've talked to in the last two weeks measure. A snapshot. Of a congressman's last couple of weeks of the kind of people and talking to. Three days ago I talked got a bit odd coleslaw -- they know him. Big investor in the clean energy research. I say what do you program. It's as well two things. We just. Opener manufacturing plant. For the first concentrated solar. Manufacturing plant for concentrated solar. In the last two."

" Decades. In Nevada making scenery pretty happy. And we just made a major significant breakthrough in a unique construction. Material. To sequester carbon dioxide to take a stream of carbon dioxide out of the blues of coal fired plants. And permanently sequester it essentially surrender or cement type building material like cinder blocks. So that we don't have to have been negative cost -- cost of sequestration geologic -- Well -- a product construction products using carbon dioxide. That's pretty impressive to think this could be commercially viable and now we're now thinking about. Maybe. This is were just starting this having a pilot plant perhaps it -- At the unit of power plant the US capital within the agreed statement for America if we took CO2 out of our coal fired power plant. And sequestered in cinder blocks that -- and schools for kids and -- cost that would be great. State so that's one day. And let's get doctor Susan -- The young woman and green like an office in green lake Washington. Who has a dream that I believe that's very very good potential to become commercially viable. And that is to do an engineer geothermal system. But basically pumping water down -- hot rocks taking advantage. It very very wide -- way of nuclear energy because the Earth's -- basically comes from radioactive breakdown. Turning in hot water bring it up and and and essentially private generator with that what does she need to do this. She needs a little geologic characterization. Of pomp and -- 300 reasons and I pressure. To me that seems like something that he that we can achieve so that's the next person I talked to go to on the road. Not cheap I just talked to a friend here today. I talked to a friend like that several months ago was working at the L 123 battery company in -- just north. Add the LT 1123 battery company has the potential. To stop what might be a terrible situation American -- terrible situation. We face the potential prospect. Of changing an addiction to Saudi Arabian oil. To an addiction to Chinese and Korean lithium ion batteries. That is not a healthy prospect for America to trade one addiction for another. And that's why I'm pleased to see the progress and a 123 battery. And I'm very pleased to report to you. There because it's some work two friends -- vote and it helped us with. We were successful in getting two billion dollars in the stimulus package. For advanced batteries research and deployment in this country so that we build lithium ion batteries in this country American made by the good old American flag that's good statement for American congratulations -- 123. A battered by the way before I forget their two people here were instrumental in that success. You don't we were afraid when this stimulus package came out. That I was just going to be. You know or your grandmother's stimulus package pavement concrete you know bridges -- a few models all of which is necessary all of which is good. Police -- we wanted to stimulate the jobs for the next couple of decades not the last couple decades. So we went to work. Principally at my side of the aisle to create and -- deep budget that truly can rip this thing out. And recalled -- ponies and MIT and Melanie Kennard I've asked them to rally a group of scientific. Brain power around the country to present a proposal to the house of how to really ramp up this -- deep budget. And in 244 hours he got on that on the Internet and they had a package of about four days to present and as a result of that we have basically. Raised the R&D budget for clean energy by a factor of five United States in part because these two peoples work humor and applause just. But that is just the start. That is just sit down payment. And while talking a few minutes about what we're gonna do some pictures that apple keeps rolling. So what I know another guy talked to guy named Robert Nelson. I miss the vial of that was ultimately presentations he may have talked about this that while you break out. I run into in a coffee shop being Regina on the gamer countless Leo right accomplish up. Guy comes up means is congressman -- Robert Nelson I think yourself you should know about. And what else. -- my company is developing ways to produce. Chemically indistinguishable gasoline from algae. -- commercially viable rates using salt water and no -- Because of the robots algae that that we have. Delivered. Now I'm always a little skeptical people tell me these things because I hear about a lot of perpetual motion machine in this business too. So I started to talk to Robert. And I say way of getting money behind this Robert Horry yes we've gotten X billions of dollars invested in this. What's your personalities as well that you -- about this we just hired. Away from British Petroleum their chief refinery operating engineers to let you know what people think our company. -- start for. Now we have there in a construction starting last week of their first prototype plant. And they have a robust algae strains. There where they can brought without it roof because it can resist essentially competitive others -- immediate. Okay that's few weeks ago. Three days ago I opened up my little mortgage paper and I read it read about a Seattle company that's developed the way to essentially transport. Radiant energy that sun's rays down deeper into the column Malkin so you can now start throwing it at three quarters three -- Rather than just a few inches. So. The point I want to make here is that I can't get out of my door without needing to fruition intellectual. Genius in this country. And it would be the highest shame. If we do not use the current. Crises that we are in. To allow this intellectual format to blossom. So let me get to the third part of my discussion. And that is what congress can do I believe will do to allow these geniuses to pursue their genius. Personally talk about the power crisis. You know there are those who have said. I've been working on this for a few years ago there -- those who have said. That as the Dow Jones went down. So should our commitment to the future of clean energy solution our commitment to the eventual survival of the planet earth. I think that is exactly backwards and I'll tell you why. It is my belief that the economic. Crisis that we face. Is he in fact liberating event. That should liberate America to break with the chains of our old old investment practices. Break with the change of our old methods of using wasting energy and start -- And -- mention this for a couple reasons reason number one it is economically necessary to do this. Someone said yesterday it's the stars. Best when it's dark. Well it is clear. Without any doubt. That the economy's that you represented in this room of the brightest stars of the job creation rights. There is no single possibility for creating jobs in this country as bright as the the economic engines that you were all involved. And it would be a crime not to recognize that she's that in his highest dimension. Second. An economic crisis. Creates this psychological conditions for change. People only change when there is a crisis. You know things are hunky dory and we said we want you to be involved in -- revolution people would say why. So I believe we need to seize this moment. Rahm Emanuel Barack Obama had said it best says you should never allow prices to go and use. And I believe that in the best sense of that term. So in the next several months we in the House of Representatives the Senate and the president are going to be committed. To turning this crisis. Into green. Not just green ecologically. By agreeing momentarily. I'd like to talk to you about what we intend to do in that regard gonna talk about. Sort of what alcoholic sevenths -- arrive clean energy clean energy economy. And I'll start with the big war. The big one the first step that we need to take is to level playing field for clean energy technology. Right now McCain -- rate. Clean energy is very much. Behind the curve. The deck is stacked against clean energy. And the reason the deck is stacked as we have an economic system that is not. Up to the rules of capitalism. Supposedly we're very capitalist country but we have a system that doesn't all capitalistic principles. -- And the first thing -- is if your neck if you're gonna cost society something running through the costs in the production of your good. That doesn't happen today. Because fossil fuels are getting a free ride using the atmosphere. As their personal dumping grounds at zero cost what needs you to the atmosphere as it limiting caring capacity CO2. We cannot continue to do this. But they're using it as a -- program for free. That is against capitalistic principles. When I go to -- with -- pick upload all that job we got a basement we got eight point five bucks to dump it. That is a meaningful capitalistic rule to cruise that costs. So we have to fix the market systems so the market system sends the right signals. To investors and purchasers of product that's why we intend to pass cap. And it passed bill. That will do two things. It will cap the amount of carbon dioxide that this nation which into the atmosphere a year. And we use market mechanisms. Of determining. Who will have the rights to essentially salute by having an auction system auction those permits. And third -- what plowed back to revenues at least in part significant part. The revenues from that auction. Back into this industries that we can continue to generate capital -- dollars of that these technologies can the world. This is the single most. The single most important thing we will do because once there is a price or carpet. Once that clean energy recognize their competitors as the prices associated with carbon. I believe we're gonna start to see more capital flows into this in this industry. I want armed with two pieces of information about this debate this will be an enormous debate US cars. And you are very important people in this debate. That you have huge credibility. Senators and congressmen listen to use it to you two things you need to know about this number one there'll be a great debate about whether these permits will be given way. Whether congressman will decide who gets them or whether market mechanisms who decide to get. And I'm here to say clearly out to be market mechanisms not need to decide who gets these precious economic. Assets have a permit to dispose of CO2. The reason is it's the most efficient way to do do it and it's the fairest way to do it. This past that belongs to citizens. And for me just to give it to anybody is a violation of the trust we have to our citizens hold this that com. It should be auctioned for basic rules of fairness. But second principle it needs to be auctioned to generate any revenue stream to help development that first graph we saw. For -- we saw -- are indeed to go up dramatically. We need these auction revenues to get that aren't yet. Because this stimulus bill we've taken our first step in this regard but if we're gonna take a second third fourth and fifth steps. We have to have. Some resource page to continue this aren't needed help this industry grow and help you might tease -- the world prosper. So I'm army Hewitt this information. Because I am hopeful that you're going to share what you know about this industry at some point with your congressman's that's a person cap and trade. I believe it has a good chance of passage of these side analogue Brock Obama's totally behind it he started off asking for a 100%. Second issue we want to pass it renewable electrical standard. And war if he didn't care. Now because the debt has deck has been stacked. For so long against clean energy technology. We know we need some demand side hold of this technology. And we won't have all the 22 states that have adopted or renewable electrical standard. A variety of measures to call for increased measures of renewable energy in our electrical grid. The most recent bill has been introduced as for 25% by twenty point five by Ed Markey. Boston's own who has an absolute champion and it's been there for decades on this subject expert said -- at marquee to its very leader in this regard. Now there's controversy about this of course as there is with -- anything notable change. Some people argue we don't have you know renewable sources in my neck of the woods but I'll just remind you will conversation -- the -- civil. Well last year are trying to pass its western house here's a congressman from war. And I say economic picture voted three new electric -- it. -- we don't have any renewable energy work. And so what about solar power. It's that we don't have solar power --"

" And I -- harvested sunshine state. A license."

" And they are not honest guy this guy told me that we get to make there have solar power well that's true they are not quite as good as Arizona. There's a company in Seattle the can tell with the longitude and latitude that guy's house I can tell him exactly how many Watson has -- Company called three tiers until it. And by the way a week after that conversation. One of these concentrated solar power countries signed a contract producing concentrated solar power for utility that this guy lives him. We have these capabilities. And for anybody who -- about it. If they don't like that we can give them a feed in tariff which has been so incredibly effective in Germany and I've introduced defeated chair bill. I am hopeful that this we're gonna get more play congressman are just starting to learn about the miracles defeating terror we're going to continue to discuss that. Third issue I want to talk about that is. I efforts to improve our efficiency system in this country. A one over to this crap and you may be familiar with this this is a -- prepared by McKinsey and company which looked at what we need to do. To essentially get two or 80% reduction target of reducing CO2 emissions. On the left is those things below the line asking me are. Are negative cost. For everything here it is we actually. It's cost less we save money by these investments. Everything above the line is has so at least original costs. I don't this whole group on the left along the line is essentially. Efficiency. Efficiency cost no money. It saves money for those who say that the two things -- next gonna talk about cost money. Balderdash and poppycock horse feathers it saves us money. Because it depends on an incredibly powerful new technology. Of almost infinite. Applicability and it's in my bases basement it's a cocky -- okay. If we caught our houses. Weakened five megawatts of energy -- basically McKenzie included. This portion below the line. They concluded that 40%. All the things we have to do. To reach very -- you to reduction targets. Involved stop in the waste of energy at bat actually -- scenes from an economic standpoint. So we have to do. -- things number one we have to decouple utilities. To allow utilities to sell the efficiencies services. To sell load leveling services. To sell to me and management services. To try to reduce the generating. Requirements on victory and fifth we should adopt an efficiency standard. For not only the automobile but for utilities. And for some of further appliances that remain regulated if we do this. We -- cap room money right now we're just -- fallen in the street going down toward the six thing we need to do. It's obviously tackle our grid system. The best line I've heard about our bridge system is that we have a grid system that Thomas Edison would recognize. It's not a positive. Attribute. It is balkanized it is localized it is a wonderful machine. But it's a machine not built. For the national challenge that we out. Now we could never have built the federal interstate highway system by leaving it up to cities and counties. To decide how to do this. We clearly need a national response. To a national problem. I've introduced a bill will in about a week reintroduce a bill. Dealt role. Turn up a few ticks toward the national response to this to having more national response or citing. -- national response we're planning. It clearly a more national response for financing the capital needs to build this grid. And by bill will do essentially all of those trees Henry Reid introduced last week a bill -- be very similar to my bill it is necessary. And I ask you do if you agree with me that this needs to happen. I hope you'll be engaged in this debate because there won't be painless. There's a thing called her involved openness between regulators. Nobody defends anything except their first born child and jurisdictional turf -- equal passion. So this is an important part as you know we've got to get this -- proved. That's 67. -- I'll just mention its poignancy. And I'm looking for any idea you have. The bottom line that I have found throughout this entire field. Is that we have huge. Potentially productive investments without a bottle of fine it's in the capital it takes to do it particularly. Efficiency. And we're looking for models one -- to suggest one idea I. Right now in. Federal regulators. Have a rule that when they determine whether you can get alone. They'll look. Oh look it's old mother costs associated with they won't look at this your utility expenditures. Soul if you go to your bank can you say I'm gonna make a bit borrow some money from you. And I -- you know whether it -- my house and reduce my expenses. They won't give you any credit for that which makes no sense whatsoever so here's just one thing the federal government to do. To try to make the financing system a lot of folks it's. So there's a quick summary. On my prediction what'll happen. I believe that all of the things I just mentioned. Have a good chance of happening this year. Time is our enemy. We do not have time to do there on this. Either from our economic crisis. We cannot delay creating -- three million jobs. That the economist who evaluated this planet determined it would create. We do not have the luxury of waiting -- another eight years like we did in the last eight years to ignore America's contribution to global warming. I believe is America's yes. I think we have -- We were destined. To give democracy to the world we were destined to give free speech and freedom of religion to world. In the world has always look to us in times agree global stress. And I believe it is now our destiny to view the world clean energy. We were the arsenal democracy forward to. And I encourage everyone to start thinking of ourselves the personal clean energy. And we send our young president Barack Obama Copenhagen Denmark next this November. To talk about an international global warming treaty. We need to send him with a badge of honor the United States is leading the world. This is our destiny I believe we're going to fulfill it and thanks for being here and I'll look for yourself -- questions."

" Who's gonna questions about my question is the first bitter there."

" Well mr. congressman. The great thing about the Apollo program as you've showed. Is there were plenty of purchase orders. Purchase orders are the best source of innovation. Particularly in start up companies. Unfortunately. The electric power industry is regulated and an unintended consequence. Of that heavy regulation. Was the quote we just heard from. -- no minds of American Electric Power in the next from. If he is under the gun not to innovate. He can't buy it from small companies. Because he passed says that so. Is there recognition among your. Fellow congressmen and senators on both sides. That the best way we can get the American engine of green energy innovation moving. Would be to enable and encourage. Power industry -- from small companies where there moralists heavily inhibit it today."

" That's a big yes. And I'll say why that is the -- history. Has been wonderful giving us you know reliable electricity it's you know it's pretty wonderful machine cents. But. Creativity. Not so much. The utility industry today about making this up action check this pictures -- The utility industry today spends less money in research and development that the dog food industry the United States. Now that is not a glowing praise for the industry as a whole and it's not necessary either. Necessarily the fault of the leaders in the industry it's the whole regulatory structure is basically. Chosen to reprise reliability over all other issues and access. So we need to change the messages to the industry. And we have to insert into the industry it to me and poll. That you now heavy demand. To produce another product other than reliability you now have to reap up to produce clean energy. It has to be demand that has created. That is what the renewable energy standard does. That is what the Cap and Trade System does those are two very powerful regulatory statement industry. That you're going to have to regulate and when you urge you to innovate when you do. Followed the respective Siemens a lot of great companies here. A little guys have been the fountains of -- for long long time and it is a struggle forests. We're always fighting this congress to try to make sure that we helped the young small innovators. Get court. Because we know where that has taken place I just met some hidden in my opinion. That your name in. There's a guy. In my hometown just came up with a a low level league system from market you know he's what 26 years old that's ago. That's what. Yes."

" Let's think that -- carbon tax might be more efficient mechanism to achieve. You know what you're speaking up which I'm sure everyone here supports rather than cap and trade. Can you tell us why the -- in the current administration prefer a cap and trade."

" You've got. Really important question and the issue is getting discussion and congress right now I spent a week in Europe looking at their experience. With this problem in there were a couple lessons from Europe that are very very clear lesson number one. Gas tax carbon tax is grossly inadequate to ride investments. That are necessary just in this -- European gas taxes what like 250 gallon equivalent. But it didn't touch the problem it depends on behavioral changes that are predictable. And frankly don't really work. So the best reason to do cap and trade rather than carbon taxes we know it won't work. And if you think why you kind of look like it this if we want to do traffic safety. We just increased the gas tax. No we put up signs that say 35 miles an hour on the street. It is they approached it directly affects behavior is -- is it is legally binding -- So I think it's very clear. There with the enormity of this challenge we have to have a legally binding cap as we do sulfur dioxide by the way the markets and sulfur dioxide that. You know very very effective in that regard. That's the principal reason one other lesson from Europe I want to mention it comes back in this area auctions. When Europe's started their Cap and Trade System. They did an easy thing. They gave the permits -- way makes us all. You know we go home and they were giving you're mixing in a clause sprinkling these permits around the country fuel costs. But it was a disaster because they created you know essential price -- And it was a scandal because utilities turnaround in charge implied value those permits to their consumers. So the experience from Europeans. Don't legally binding cap. Auction the permits and then if you want to have a tax regiment as well there are not mutually exclusive. And at some point they may be considered it. --"

" Having worked in it up to the commission for -- one step further and utilities third down by design. They said their best and brightest talents working in. The rate of toward department and legal -- and they are basically trying to or fortress walls and try to protect revenues supposed to create new products. With things that did when I worked at a subsidiary. Energy product with the -- back -- the good things -- captain deregulation out there. Customers can actually decide what they wanted by. So we actually offered a green product where they can buy a 100% renewable product 50% renewable product recording -- product and that actually loud. Those who was actually pulled through the -- I think some kind of mechanism needs to occur. And it's kind of focus on a survey of federal mandate but something needs to happen next a polar -- through the utility that when it because -- to actually buy the product it wants."

" Great idea and I love you talk you're going to hear about that fertility. Thank you appreciate were looking for. Got gentlemen your -- like authorities -- a great question. -- and ask somebody else at the at."

" Thank you well what area you haven't mentioned this energy security. I was just interested in your views and the views of your colleagues and where does that enter into the energy debate."

" Well my apologies for leaving that out because it's obviously one's one leg of the stool of why we need to do this. And and it is the part that you get the wonderful thing about this by the way as it unites everybody in the country. You know there's sort of there's a group that wants to save the environment there's a group wants to save our our you know that assets. And have a job. There's a group the worries about security and obviously this unites at all there's very very little. Conflict between those goals and almost anything we do to solve the scoreboard problem also. It helps us on this issue by the way I haven't mentioned coal and nuclear today and -- and -- mention. One of the good things about the stimulus plan. Is that it did not seize on any. Silver bullet. We recognize. That we need to have -- very broad based research and development and deployment strategy. And that's across the board of all Lowell or potentially low and zero many technology. So one of the good things in the stimulus bill is it is essentially. Have a little bit for every potential technology that could move forward including coal sequestration. There will be controversy associated with this I think we need have a broad based portfolio my time is up I want to thank you very much -- a -- Leaves something behind -- give a book to MIT library. And for two reasons one I really appreciate MIT's. Having me here. And second I I got a really low do you chemistry went so my task. In my dad's that I never amount to anything in science I'm gonna tell him I got my book at MIT library so okay."