Title: Juan Enriquez: The Next Boom, by Zipcode

" I Christopher like this is open source from the Watson institute at brown university and American conversation we call it global attitude. This was about the geography economic recovery to -- that -- you. It's one and leakage in the original -- and jobs and money. It's a function of -- concentrations. Of brain cells in emerging new life science industries. What -- can use an investor. Teacher writer -- politician. -- now on YouTube for riffs like this one back we're picking up but it can't talk. He gave this -- technology entertainment and design have in California. Whether we can picture the sort of race under way between the crashing of auto companies that newspapers. And other branded industries. And the simultaneous bullying -- tech invention. Things like the big dog aerial robot. We're implantable organs. And shoe leather men made without -- At the moment General Motors went down -- One Enrique is his Boston published our first sort of --"

" Bring your vote today on the kid talk a lot of -- have seen it about the race between technology and the distress in this economy and what what what's the score. In June. 2009. Look I'm I'm really scared not because I don't think this government is well intentioned not because people that are smart. These are good people. And and there are people who for the most part. I think. You are people you I would be happy to have lunch with people you reputable foreigner. You know I'm an independent -- don't talk about my politics because -- I vote by individual. Brother and my party but I want to see what people do as opposed to what. Platform that usually isn't full load is about. I can tell you looked I was happy to see Transocean. And and in that context -- I think. What matters in the stuff he is we really have to pay attention salute big trends and and I'm very secure the peace folks aren't doing it 85%. Of the total -- and instincts is mandated. And we were going to end up paying about 46. Cents of every dollar that goes on this budget over the next couple years. In interest rates. In what that's telling you is that's money that's going to repeat previous doubts work dust or killing today it's not going to build new stuff that's gonna want to pay off debt. And there comes a point where you stack enough depth that you and I can't help for crime occurred we can't pay off my house we can't -- for mortgage. And we're darn close to putting the United States. Into that situation most of that -- first under Reagan. Then under the first bush in the romance of skill under the policies that will. Led to these bail outs from the last bush adminstration. Having so. Point is there an off co responsibility. And crimes on both sides I -- I think both sides have been spending money. Like there's no moral. And the debt that was built up in this in this country. Is now well 404%. Of what we make in a year by the time you take. Our private debt or government and does most and that means that the country as a whole leveraged all the Wenzhou. And we're gonna start paying for -- it's not our kids at a concert Nicklaus who we thought we were being really smart and her kids would pay for a elements that are pro. Eighty somewhat percent of the debt is now mandated if we don't take on. Serious reforms old Social Security of capping medical spending an ability 18% of GDP. Of controlling military spending and reducing interest repayments. None of the rest -- matters the purchased Alaska don't -- the all performed at airports don't matter the you know special congressional whatever. All that stuff has to -- can -- that's peanuts. It's the four big programs that you really have to go after. And if we don't -- and if we don't -- rule of bipartisan basis and we don't show. The rest of the world which now -- Owns most of our debt proof majority -- almost. That were actually serious about putting our financial house in order. And again that doesn't mean paying off -- tomorrow it simply means there has to be an inflection point -- when you're when you're of the debt goes up. As a person who was economy that's -- coming down in to do that two things have to happen one as we have to take on the big four. Interest payments which means the military medical spending Social Security. The only thing constantly have to find ways of really growing this economy drops. And that's the high tech that lets not bailing out Detroit that's not Chrysler Chrysler marketable USG AMP. Well the stuff coming out so compelling stuff coming -- Cambridge mass -- coming out of Austin Texas stuff coming out of Chicago stopped coming out of Maryland. That conceivably could don't leave Chicago and we've really got to focus -- to. Spell out your hopes. And pick some winners here introduced a -- the company's ideas industries technologies that could get us out of this hole. Look won't reasons -- than most of my time infantry temples because. Every day accurately Christmas. And they're really it's it's it's just incredible because in the morning if you combing them and you read the science journals. And people aren't on stuff that you just couldn't have conceived the people. Would be able to do which is actually extraordinary people doing it -- video yesterday of others kid who. Had the crew locals you know when you're done if you have a cochlear implant. -- goes inside -- while -- here. That this is the equivalent of the brain implant brain waves implant echos inside your skull bootable the brain doesn't. Go inside the -- And it reads your brain -- in in essence. They're teaching these kids. To. Look. That computer screen and say move the cursor here move at their movement at the speed movement that's -- And the kids have gotten good enough that the stuff that within a few minutes they conserve playing game called space invaders. And shoot the aliens and Mosul tank forward but I concede she wouldn't it and that should consume almost -- for. People were paraplegic for people -- had strokes for people who need to move or fishing and swimming. That company and around. 200 dollar companies. Come into his office every day through journals through business presentations and I didn't receive a better time to invest. Things are cheap -- lot of smart people there's a lot of technology we've been busting him for 1520 years in life sciences. That is incredibly exciting right now and and a hostile -- the center of the universe -- per capita. The reasons were replaced in Boston right now. And that just makes it's really interest in place to be sitting and watching us from Boston hmm. -- few of the other kinds of technologies that that we haven't heard about yet. One thing wouldn't it look there's a couple things that I think are going to be pretty big 11. Idea comes from me from -- Marco Michael pulse center for the Crusoe itself and California. We've been expecting robots will be important for a long time. And you know we all grew up with -- space and we don't grow with the Jetsons and Rosie the robot who did everything and everybody else."

" But robots but really stupid. -- smart robot it is a -- And still people get really attached little -- Continued most people majority of people who named the Ramones and treated almost like that. -- third peoples are traveling robots taking the long vacations these very strange. -- you're getting in the more empathetic robot so most of being built over the media lab. That seemed to react to people people. It's close you're seeing in two ways. But it isn't there yet ready to me you haven't seen a rule book you that. People come and go wow that will that pass the turing test witches. But you know turn to some computers if you've got a wall you can't tell if the personal mile so the walls of personal computer. No work closely reports. Is that an animal is a robot. Except. Robots. Like computers are toppling and toppling and toppling in processing power every two months. And seemingly out of nowhere. Over the course three or four years we're gonna go from robustly healthy and told Jerusalem -- Two robots that have the intelligence of a -- remember. And always second -- change and and you're starting to see you -- Boston company called Boston dynamics spokeswoman called big dog. People look at a mechanical -- let's have sports. And it's it's getting close it's not there. But over the next three or four years seemingly out of nowhere that's going to be very large industry. Looks sciences house. 1530. Different options. That are fundamentally going to change how we make energy. How we make chemicals. How we make. Textiles how we make food how we make drinks. How we process information how we store information where real state works where people subtle. Each -- social work industry because we're doing is we're we're moving from simply coding in ones and her rules and decoding. In the language of life which is for a -- of DNA. And as we move from Reading life in the human genome into writing life in the form follows. Being able to build very large programs artificial chromosomes of programs cells. Which is something synthetic genomics California companies to. I don't that is going to be massive change in the cup. As we begin to understand tissue engineering and how to -- war on -- issues which by the way we do every day. Right every day were growing -- for a skin average you're right gut. But we're now learning how to re grow and Tony tolls -- in Wake Forest. Years bladders were beginning to learn how to recruit tree skills to begin work -- That stuff is common and it's coming very fast. And the first impact is going to be in places like the fashion industry and the and industry. And textile production and other production things like that will be able to grow. Leather for bills or for shoes or four jackets without having to make the -- Will simply clone the scam if you want to get Cuba. Will clone the skin in dishes that are already in the sheep. Of what you want to half so the yeah outline of the bill will be in there and simply grow in the form video on the issue. You don't this is really going to change along very interest -- things."

" If this were the NBA finals. -- with a score be in between the crashing economy and the booming. Technology. Look what move things look to my mind is ski areas. In the 1960s. It. If you look at the global economy of the US economy above third -- agricultural certain manufacturing -- of service. And what that meant ills -- you could be very prosperous North Dakota you can be very prosperous and Detroit you can be -- prosperous secure judgments. What's happened today is about so indeed some 5% of the global economy and probably more of the US economy. Is knowledge and service. And that means it's really hurt for you if you don't have a college degree. And if you don't understand and on the was a poll taken. Michigan about five years ago that told you the sixty somewhat percent of the workers in the auto plants saw no reason for their kids to go to college. If you don't get that transition."

" You can be in real trouble because agriculture is now well for personal -- global economy -- closing up. Every day all of us. Manufacturing is about the same slowness but it's moved offshore so it's moved Japan and Korea and when India and China. And knowledge is what's been growing on the problem of knowledge of those. It doesn't grow geographically. Disparate places. It means that sums of -- in the US are incredibly smart. And solves -- codes in the U us simply are not attracting the kinds of companies that it takes to build -- coming. And what that means it is because the stuff is so powerful because it grow so fast. You have to -- huge differential in wealth creation. In some places and not and offers. And as as -- look at this crisis it's going to accentuate and lead so horrifying consequences. In places that didn't -- a little economy dependent on hundred rural industries. At the same times homeowners are going to be just -- Now one temptation to say our political money -- of the areas that are thriving. And keep the stuff. Or will in -- accuracy very dangerous thing to do."

" We don't talk about red states Blue States and more in the Obama world should we talk about the untied states of America anymore."

" Look at me. I just ludicrous question wanna publish the sport. Five years ago on the question was how many starters will be in the US flooding in fifty years. And the reason I thought it was a reasonable question to ask. First is because there's never been a US president who's been buried under the seems like he was born on. So assuming continuity is a dangerously. The second reason is because US trend line has been for the country to get larger and larger. And there's a perfectly reasonable way of getting to 55 stores and maybe even sixty. That will not be unusual given your history. However. One of the things we should also look at is what happened to Britain when it was in the US situation well this time. Let us -- two centuries ago in nineteen hundreds. And and that is he was most powerful country in the world by far it was a reserve currency -- had the best universities and at the dust and factory and at the best army. And nobody competed well. In that country in the space of poll plus and fifty years went from twelve million square models in two vote eating 1000 square miles. And even today the British -- breaking up into Scotland and Wales and in. And that's not just happening in Britain -- happening in France of course -- normally it's happening in Spain we have completion Catalonia. And the best homelands attempting definitely it's happening in the Belgian. Column area it's happening and no -- in parts of Austria. -- in parts of Finland. It's actually very hard to find parts of the world. Where people aren't talking about having more autonomy. In recent times you know had the governor of Texas roaming potentially on a more autonomous texts. You've had governor elected in Alaska on the Alaska independence platform we've had people running in Hawaii on the same platform. -- if we aren't careful about how we treat each and we are careful not stopping. This -- versus them -- There might come a point we're. Some people to slide those people over there really are BB killers or. Gobbles people or. What are you want to call on the other side and it in this country shouldn't. Divide up into the Russian limos and Howard Stern's because. Most of somewhere in the middle and I don't think we want to be government either of those groups."

" You made some astonishingly. Chauvinistic claims for Boston in the new world as the government the smartest place on earth but. Therefore. Approaching a completely new sort of boom it's important to everybody there was a time when Boston tore itself -- is the hub. Of the universe but as the Paris of the nineteenth century and tell us about this new 21 century Boston."

" Wolf you know half facetiously. Made the claim that the center of the universe -- us. Pitcher's mound at -- And and the reason for the -- is because you've got be used sitting on one axis you've got. Herbert sitting on an -- axis Uga MIT similar -- you've got BC is sitting on -- access. You've got to her medical schools and another axis and within about three to five mile radius of that -- You have an awful lot of what the new column new planet looks like now if I had to pick one spla. As the most interest -- to sit today in the universe. Known universe because. Which just launched Kepler which is one thing's happening with the astrophysics Syrian Harvard which -- its successor -- In just gonna go on finally Exel planets and sometime early next year we will be full axle plants -- which. May or may not be -- like but that's separate topic of the known universe at this point. Corner -- street and main street. Many views and the most -- corner. Anywhere and the reason why is because you're sitting on the local zip code 0213 non. Does generated one largest economies on the planet in terms of the company's the faculty and students that graduated from MIT Jim Dolan. And second reason is because you have a huge. Concentration. -- sides power bases. That's come around the wake of the broad institute's and to part of the research for the human genome. You have a new mineral carbon summer the people where institute where. They're bringing together into one building everybody's thinking about the break. So sure psychologist to your psychiatrist if -- neurosurgeon fury brain injury period computer scientist. Anybody's thinking about brains -- circuitry your house thing works are all talking to one dollar and building just highly unusual for academia. And then rate across the street from you go to Frank Gehry building the house. Possibly the next generation of computing. The next version of artificial intelligence and action racial robotics. And you bring those three things together and you think folks. Single professors. Labs and generating. Market caps of five or ten billion or twenty billion dollars. In students are pressuring companies that found. You think of single professors like Reynolds generating. 51015. Startups per lamp and lab is not large place. You know it's. So probably useless most of house's. And you think of the consequences that you think of that brain power concert in one place. Voices and actually place to be setting in and part of what happens when you walk around not just those three buildings but within about ten blocks. Of that quarter. He GC hundreds of little companies. Some of them have gone really -- mean so what were absent massively Novartis worked I acts reductions in problem work. -- Merck over the medical school. Awful lot of them are companies that you don't nobody heard of five years ago little -- gunpoint march. And then you've got the whole next generation of these things sometimes it's -- single desk. Sometimes it's one office. Sometimes it's huge buildings seem to -- work that's that's just fast. More than Norbert win yours that the world will -- remembers some day errors that's fathers of this moment and interesting people energy mines. Regardless of the company's. Plans for them to go I mean that in the ground Fuller everybody's Mendel. And Darwin and walls. Walls who I think has -- anywhere close the credit he should get up. And they go through -- surge of people you know some people are folks. People never heard of the most important peoples things going -- Who won out and found out that MIT and uncertainties that DNA is the substance that really transmits resident. And because he was lost because he was careful. Almost nobody heard -- announcements field but I think is important Watson correct. And then of course of Watson crick in the media alone homegrown folksy -- sharp you get Larry Gilbert. You give Eric Lander. You get just a whole host of smart people running around this place. Ventura I think is very smart. Lee who's now in Washington. He's he's. You know actually brilliant systems. -- And then there's a series of younger people. George churches and younger but he. Yeah he's so exuberant that you think he's a lot younger and these -- churches just. The magical -- Creating all kinds of wonderful -- if you've got some of folks with the media lab. Tarmac over -- and his wonderful opera house you get someone to folks doing. -- couples who have patty makes coming up lose the next generation of sort of robotic camera black very Kumble. It's very hard to come up. It you know we could spend all day here talking about. Should cease extraordinary. Minds so the people who built the web were running around Boston. The people who don't the most are running around Boston people who. Put together the international genetically engineered machine competition allows teenagers and college students to program. Cells from scratch. -- running around Boston. You lose in New Hampshire but I'm still gonna claim Dean Kamen because he's so smart am -- and so much robotics."

" It's timber earnestly as world and we just happen to live -- and areas. In an office no reason this anonymity -- it is incredible to most of them though one that seems to me. Unless they murdered their lab assistant. We would never hit them they would never make paper how do we introduce them to our own neighborhood. As. As extraordinarily."

" Powerful folk. You know a solid. Rear early lake commercials. But. Lastly. Flopped down postcard from the TV analysts look for reflection like which is the new Intel could. And the reason why is because you have this. You know puzzling dirty. Probably Indian continent. Origin mountain. Not particularly distinguished looking walking through the hallway and people swooning and screaming and yelling almost like it was a rock concert while teenage fans. And at the end punchline those. This is the men and women of that little device allows you transfer large amounts files between one computer in the elderly USB key. And not all -- extras are critical this is our rock star. Right and and we do we have a lot of us here. And we don't reckon councilman you know I think having programs like yours just to. Personal profiles of some the most interest in people walk around here because. I've finished a book closely watched -- thing called the big rich Apollo before big Texas families. And what happened over the course of one decade when they made huge fortunes as wild campers in oil and texts. They're very few. Times in history where that happens. That's happening in Boston right now. That's happening so -- right now and it's probably going to happen first in life sciences. Then it's gonna happen in robotics then going to happen in an attack and and it's probably going to happen in the brain. There's going to be some overlap between those things that's only sings or in the implementation stage some release or in the roll -- the company stations so we're still research for this. Well that's where some of these. Heroes are going to come from and that's where some of these big fortunes are going to come from when you when you think of the next in tolls Hewlett's. Microsoft's Amazon's. They're likely to be life science based. And is that a missile a couple of -- place. People want. A lot of we're going to be endless lists and then along with the federal -- And then it's going to be a race between nano tech on the brink of folks still think ten. Fifteen years ago."

" What indicates where your help we're gonna get to know some of these people this is huge and the interesting and exposed to actually deeply encouraging to. Thank you for an introduction. Well thank you so much it's a great pleasure."

" Sarah harsher -- and Paul McCarthy produced and edited this conversation this -- Feedback on our website. Radioopensource.org. I'm -- polite thanks for joining the conversation."