Title: Skeptics Guide #219 - Sep 28 2009

" You're listening to the skeptics guide to give you give us your escape. -- reality."

" Hello and welcome to the skeptics guide to the university is Monday September 28. 2000. This is your host Steve Allen. Joining me this week Arafat Novella everybody -- big -- and Kevin burns me hey how was everywhere jumped four. Also remember it was the best -- were never. Why there have been 5760. Behind -- friars who won this. Visit -- but thousands of seventy. In its fight hard to weigh all the others that Rebecca is that it's just."

" And don't. That's because Rebecca. Is now in London no she's on her way to London -- I don't think fix it probably their right now as cargo move into her digs and then branch out from there. I think she's essentially consummated their marriage right now. It really. But fear not Rebecca has full plans remain on the show she's not going anywhere it's just gonna be recording -- different location. Have allowed us is gonna be talking like hello boys offense hasn't gotten so -- so how is all you skeptics. Solid skeptic but -- C --"

" Will be."

" Intolerable she has said adamantly a number of times that she's going to keep the American accent because she quote unquote thinks the English people find acute. Cute Derek yeah. It is going to be able to really do that in its one in the state shall do it. And then tonight into immerse yourself in -- home agriculture surrounded by everybody speaks different dot she's too well to pick up the next. Yeah I think so -- She's a light under she rescind disseminate died tanner on there I think she could do it but now. In knowing you're late twenties. There -- some people that would you know I don't want to pick up the accident may be kind of work at it been like stray cats out. The block a government that banned from the gas. They -- they go live in England for like six months they're like you know coming back with full English accent and -- site yeah -- like the Sex Pistols at -- application. So I haven't you know they can you take the girl out of Boston can't you know take the Jersey girl out of Boston. But in London will trigger. Were so we don't have any end in memorial this week."

" His name is busts of permanent. -- pronounce that decently enough. He's from India and he's in notable rational -- publisher of Indian skeptic magazine and he's been called affectionately. The James Randi of India. You know because he has knowledge of magical tricks and so forth. At the same time he uses what he knows of magic in order to. Reveal. But god men have been here people who are pretending to have these mystical supernatural powers and he's been famous for. Debunking them and calling them out as the fraud and charlatans. That they are and the most famous of those. -- certainly was. Side baba all hurting him. Who's you know for many many many. Decades has been in convincing millions of people but -- some sort of got like creature with with superpowers there's plenty of video and stuff outside Bob Allen and performing all these so called miracles and it's if they're all simple relatively simple tricks sleight of hand and so forth and possible permanent is instrumental. In calling him out on it and it revealing him."

" For what he has could you imagine being passed out skeptic and India. What what -- what difference does it make you care if a fat skeptic and well I I I actually was thinking about that myself jamming you know there you are this the skeptic trying to convince the masses and we're talking over a billion people. Right so the sheer numbers -- sheer volume of people. I'm sure influenced by people like side Bob and these other. Charlatans. That's what I'm saying that's saying supernatural -- it -- believe it and from what I understand is very very prominent India. I think Bob but my point is is that as we think it is the United States. And is much Wu as we have like literally seeping out of this seems here I mean India. I think I could build a very strong case to state that India has even worse it -- was only joking it's much more embedded in the call -- about the making it took Edwards. It's it's that skeptic which I met that is an exit launched. A matter whose -- he's he's he's been suffering for."

" From cancer for. BitTorrent and explain how long exactly in this article but they say for quite some time carcinoma. Of the stomach. -- you know -- is static -- is now in the certainly. The very end of his life is literally on his -- and literally on his death at a time when most people majority of people you know are mentally preparing themselves for the and and whatever. Format takes him for permanent what do you what he just recently did was. Made a declaration of attitude and temperament is what he called it. And here's our reads -- the first part four. I'm IB criminal and sound of mine those suffering from physical complications caused by -- test to see news. In many organs caused by carcinoma of the stomach Karen solemnly wish to place on record the following. I've been closely associated with the restless movement from 1975 on ports and have been -- Nationalists full convictions since then continue to be so. It's common for the purveyors of 2% superstitions and such anti rational forces to start spreading rumors about rational let's turn to god and other supernatural forces. At the end of their lives and becoming devote -- of gods and -- nefarious types. I wish to clarify that is on today the twentieth to September 2009 our remaining staunch rational list and which to place on record the follow. I continue to be irrational as the full conviction I do not -- any supernatural power all the powers that we encounter in the realm of nature and nothing exists beyond that. I do not believe in the existence of the soul or reaper. I have not turned to any religion god or any sort of spiritual pursuits. When I passed away I shall be leaving my body which is to be donated to a medical college and no spirit her -- to cause problems --"

" So essentially he's the Xavier preemptive strike against any of the god man who would exploit his death. In order to bolster their image or reputation by saying that he converted to accept -- belief and then at the last minute. And call ever reading a statement like that by someone in that position before which is gutsy to get to prevent himself and his dad from being exploited by the people and he spent his life to a bad idea I wonder -- Wonder how these. These these people will it will deal with it now how would -- adapt to this you know we'll sing we'll see you to have academy of as you noted that the he's right this always crops up yet it was rumors that. When I Carl Sagan had a deathbed conversion in the mean you know -- anyone famous enough that there are named as well. Bob and -- you guys remember that we met him holy crap. Really yeah we we met him at the -- that world congress in Albany it's a -- like ten years ago twelve years ago. He was there -- did this trek where. Yeah he quit his gig was to imitate the tricks of the cut into shouldn't write anybody can do that remember he. Ran around the entire audience and put like a little bit of sand and everybody's hand apparently from his own -- As if you were materializing. Yes remember that's. That is -- out of the -- yes sought to do it I don't know. The -- magic that there's a YouTube footage of people we -- yes it's you know god man doing the exact same tricks you can find it on YouTube never ever spoke with a briefly he was. You know very. Humble unassuming. And quiet man you know I just Google is limited he had to remember him yeah. So will be sorry to see him go yeah it's amend its -- to think of ITT to Indian rational as some skeptics yet he is their anti. You know as big a figure today is Indians to us. Well we wanna go to a few more news items on this evening before we oratory interview. There's been a number of -- ecological news recently last week he talked about raptor acts. -- before -- org is a little bit of followed that many listeners. Emailed us to let us know. Because we've joked about ideal the raptor Rex is it is it is a tiny T Rex that we took with there being something even smaller couldn nano Rex. And so a lot many people emailed us a little that there already is aimed at no time Rennes. Rex but it is well I got the Bradley game. How well -- the -- tirade this is seventeen feet long wait about it tolerance it was actually bigger than that the raptor Rex go to what's at that game. Yeah they they prematurely used the net no I'm not figuring that finding even smaller T."

" Yeah he's -- with the Mike -- word or Pico you know about it but I believe and similar club at that size -- how about. You know not so forget -- at -- angster memorex that there is a micro rafter which candidate talk about the second. He got up now I'm starting to not like -- this micro nano stuff. May charge to where it is finished. Settled down in regards to dinosaurs just doesn't make sense."

" It got to be careful -- I'm especially if you're gonna use a superlative. He -- to something even bigger better whatever is around. And -- you can use of the name Indian because of salary so here that's exactly what happens is these nano and an offense that is small. It is called it. -- rafter Rex you know which doesn't really. Not change the nano. Time now you know once it's established there aren't there is a mechanism for doing that but no -- about. I can reclassify Pluto a dwarf planet they can't fit no resume is really they're really reluctant to do that because -- it makes the literature -- to read. Then yeah he would appear paper describing in terrorists and then five years later whatever the Packers then. It's referring to different species and it's confuse the literature so they really don't like changing names in the literature. They changed Pluto. And let's at least a call at include other entity. Change is categorization. Parent or -- source enterprise and I notice that it had a source thing you know I think they shouldn't. But relatives they had two names referring to yes and one came earlier Wright is an earlier when gets precedence the whole renaming which is reasonable. Species and things is that. Big topic unto itself currency the attacks on enemy absolutely. The net and knows that the flight between. The to me with a specific interest through the classic -- on Imus and the completed tests. The clintons made it played big clue this clip that. That a couple of other percent of parents electrical news -- this week when blog about the latest oldest bird so for our. On the last century or so of the oldest -- assessment has been marquis after tax cut. A beautiful transitional species the -- specimen -- Patrick is one of the most beautiful fossils that I think exists. It and I've read about before because it's such. You wonderful transitional species it's against if you invented something don't have dinosaur and half bird that would be it you know. Teeth pony tail clause in yet it has feathered flight feathers -- But wasn't it wasn't a good -- do you remember when we interviewed. The ornithologist. About accused him as prime. Doctor from who's. Referred to getting indication it's in the night you have. That there was these. Professor of one of a professor -- did it with a bird feather in the conservatory. What are they are what are they got it sticky if a parent of problems. With the dinosaur to bird hypothesis is that the timeline doesn't quite work no it's not really a problem we discussed this with -- Because you're looking at random fossils from different time periods -- because species can be stable over long periods of time. It's certainly it's it's absolutely possible to find a fossil. That appears leader in the fossil record but it has more primitive features in the outline. Then earlier fossils so it's an apparent. Paradox. But you know you you make depiction its evolution is true. Eventually if we look enough we should find older and older specimens. So it's just an artifact of an incomplete fossil record well. Lo behold and -- pointed out that we've been finding. Feathered dinosaurs. You earlier and earlier in the closer to the -- point of the different feathered dinosaurs groups resolving the paradox. Well now finally we found a primitive feathered dinosaur that's older than marquis up -- re completely resolving the paradox. The new fossil is in your and -- Huxley guy. And it is from 151261. Million years ago -- 150 so it's older. And it's more primitive. It has a very interesting feature it has fully formed feathers on all four -- so essentially has four wings beyond. But this is not the first feathered dinosaur to be discovered reform wings -- is micro raptor. -- another wide is pedal -- this section of the third feathered dinosaur with four wings and these are all. These are all specimens from early on in the get in the branching. Point of the early feathered dinosaurs the -- that went to birds in the -- very closely related branches. Which Qaeda makes sense that you would think early on before winds were fully developed if you want to maximize. Your lift. Yeah you would grow feathers in your arms electoral four legs or lower limbs. There once. The four wings fully developed. The hind wings would become redundant in the and they could be freed up to be optimize for other things like hopping running whenever. That appears to be what has happened. So this again very nice fossil further fleshing out the evolution of dinosaurs to birds resolving this in the apparent -- artifact. Paradox of timing in the fossil record. All as evolution of dinosaurs troopers who would predict very nicely. Where was this fossil found in China in all of course this is coming where else. Others they have those formations there that are where a lot of these -- coming from and this is the first Jurassic. Feathered dinosaur. Bird ancestor. And the beautiful thing about this this fine. Is that it's it preserves soft tissues very nicely he had nice impression not just. The bones themselves but impression of the offenders. That's why we're learning a lot more about further towards the -- which these fossils were preserved in fact the athletes beat mine next -- logical story. They also found a terrorists or more in China. In one of these deposits that preserves soft tissue approach a way it has feathers not feathers but it had it was fuzzy it had like fair. Well no doubt seen any stability either down a year ferry so that there's too mature for is more like down more like far. -- terror terrorists -- the Teradata as a flying ripped out not a not a dinosaur right but still a -- a top flight repels not dinosaurs always depicted as leathery wings right now is tour who they -- all have been fer rate but we never knew because speed and -- are covered one -- soft tissue impressions to tell us. I haven't let -- as well change all the books."

" I can't wait to -- to see the artist's impression you know -- I so hope that there's some -- alien probe orbiting the earth at two video -- that cool stuff that then yeah. With a record wolf three terrorists or -- to see it in -- switched gears here from fossils to. Physics ambient -- the Bowden and springs point you Sam. Decide this news that he came out recently kind of -- curiosity. I call this one."

" PC and a number 27 which stands for potential carbon -- application number 2127. This time the application may be applied to battery technology in any industry needs to break directing battery technology. Is wanted to Big East. The attention grabbing thing here though is that the -- to -- MIT who are awesome by the way. Believe that carbon nano tubes can be formed into batteries made a little micro springs and -- these springs historic. For example 1000 times more energy and steel -- or pretty. Pretty incredible stuff out carbon attitudes if you remember and are essentially carbon atoms arranged like chicken wire rolled into tube. On this is called an Allen -- of carbon just like diamond is -- out hope of carbon and graphite. Is as well in a nutshell the carbon nano tubes are very antsy because -- they have very mutual properties at the scale. I could provide breakthroughs in electronics and optics in nano tech even architectural designs etc. Eyes I see it these these battery springs nano better -- are. I have a couple key advantages that they can offer better technology one is what they can do with the Stuart energy. They can either releasing it slowly over a long period of time to second conventional battery or they can shoot your load all at once like capacitor. To because of bad it's. These geez are these are more like a hybrid -- battery and -- I think maybe what they'll call and something silly like that but that sydor. Capacitor or some stupid like that. Had a great advantage to go to -- Okay with that pathetic other the other great advantage to this technology said the Stuart energy never dissipates away. Like like a conventional battery. For example like conventional nickel metal -- batteries they lose power when they're sitting idle about 1% a day. -- as much as 40% a month."

" On dubbed the authors of the articles average compared -- springs to a match -- when she said it. It never needs to be -- you know. Never needs to be re senator or maintain. The year the energy stored in that -- spring. Whether it's bright a year ten -- twenty years thirty years later as some of the examples of big -- for this -- kind of technology would be. So for example an emergency backup power supply attic that can be set up and on that for years who know -- needs a recharge. -- change batteries. I'm also you could use this technology to power devices potentially. On the credit at in incredibly harsh environments like on deep oil wells with incredible pressures and temperatures. Or in space have an office on space vehicles where you have temperatures cycling between incredibly heated and and an incredible cult could be useful there as well. On as usual there's hurdles to overcome. We -- love to read a cool science news item and they say that all the technological hurdles have been overcome her head it would it would be for sale I QVC tomorrow. Problem not this time unfortunately but to make these you know spring batters practical side this would need to assemble the nano tubes. It to longer and thicker fibers while still maintaining. All the amazing benefits that they have that the small scale Carol Livermore. Associate professor of mechanical engineering describes major hurdle she says he scaled -- springs need to need to be large IE incorporating many carbon nano tubes. But those individual carbon nano tubes need to work well enough together in the Eagles -- assembly of tubes for to have terrible properties to the individual tubes. I bet is not easy to do it. So well on hopefully. This will progressed nicely and -- will see some. Some big changes in battery technology as we needed."

" although Bobby looked out of critical piece of information right I did. I've read this whole article. I didn't read the book at the top and like you -- salvage the whole way through the idea tip well oh boy it's the capacity you know what how much and -- we talked about and then. It says that potentially. This can hold pound per per. Right -- it's about as much as a savior of this team and that I know if I've just about that would be in my -- no better clue. And I know I I. Remember that I meant I meant to throw that in there on the try because they. They throw the they throw that this one thing -- where they say that it's more power than without you know a thousand times that power. Of -- terrible springs have was steel springs. And then in the very next sentence they say. That it's it's just roughly equivalent to to existing technology thank you as likely -- that's dead that was kind supporting it should've included that yeah it was weird -- me couldn't have been ten times -- meant to mean something right now and we one point one times but who knows maybe they'll be able to. It warm images of the new technology butter products but Stevens it doesn't really matter that much because that's just a matter the raw power the fact that at. Could use all its power all the once acute -- capacitor or very slow I did there are other advantages but not the -- not the one we really need for things like electric cars. Right it may be might be a supplemental battery electric car. As you sandy. They also didn't mention. How quickly we we might be able to charge something like -- you can charge it in thirty seconds and well okay that's pretty damn cool yes that's true. It's a couple more quick items for a unit to a couple of questions -- tell us what the latest shenanigans. From Kirk Cameron."

" Not just Kirk Cameron it's also from our friend ray comfort and animate -- yet an animated but there does comfort. You know everybody knows ray comfort is a known to younger its creation nest and and hit in his aren't going to attempt to work evolution. Evolutionary theory and at the education of evolution what what these couple of militarily to bring down the average intelligence of -- Absolutely. -- well. Ray along with his soul -- Kirk Cameron have decided to give away 50000 copies of our words origin of species. This time yeah isn't that interesting that the -- yeah sitting down. This is to commemorate. 150 years after the book was originally published. They're doing this on November 22 this year 2009. -- thorn in the side here is that comfort has crafted a fifty page intro. Where he tries to do discredit evolutionary theory and some of the points he tries to make. Is that as it took matters is that god -- was misogynist. That -- believes in evolution that there was connection -- between Hitler in the theory of evolution. And then he also goes on to make all of the same exact logical fallacies that he's made over and over and over again in a few comments that he made which I. We're addressing was. A book can't spontaneously form therefore evolution is wrong. NASA says all -- scientists think everything came about after nothing exploded. And the other one said that -- was motivated by evolution. So in my opinion this is an attempt for comfort to get his publication on college campuses in the books of students. Especially young students obviously so he can influence them to to see the alternate theory of creation."

" Until -- ray comfort is that you know -- guy really does not care about scholarship for factual accuracy. Or the truth or anything he really is such an apologist for young earth creationism. Really as terrible as an embarrassment."

" And finally you know one thing I wanted to say to work our listeners is that if anybody who wants to organize. Trying to get their hands on these books are heard these some of them I think it'd be a great thing to skeptics. In the United States to do is just try to get as many of these books. In their in their hands and you know a lot of people of blog about this -- at a strip out the first fifty pages have a copy of -- I think you'll be a great thing to keep intact. And hold on yeah. Effect that would -- for copy of this assessment --"

" Isn't gonna be a college campuses when their distributing spokesman of gravity as many you can if you if you don't mind sent this copy at least that would. Would be it's and have a copy of it."

" more importantly I think it would be a good. -- good protest to go and take the -- peacefully with marketing and any confrontation get as many of them as you can."

" While waiting for somebody to to grab that copy is dissected to -- What was you know what was added and what what is deleted what was taken out and -- is to dissect it that way NC you know what exactly what they do do it."

" I would be surprised through one original thought in those fifty pages. Did you guys Canada a look at the videos that that girl made that was one of the quickest video responses to. Through the announcement of the passing out of these books. I'm should cause the video origin of stupidity and her YouTube username is some -- Chris. And I just love your video she did a great job of a caring apart the idea of this book and it's only a six minute video but. Covered pretty good amount of material and did a good job of just of just tearing it down."

" Omar quick follow up for record to a couple of letters we reported previously. About via -- home in -- past Thomas sand. And his wife and me and you. Who were arrested for. The death of their young child. Who had a severe case of eczema. And the father who's holding a -- Decided to treat the child only was homeopathic remedies. And it. As a result of that she died a long horrible painful death. But you know from something that would have been completely treatable with standard -- The quick follow up is that the that these parents at Thomason and that you were convicted and sentenced. To a combined to ten years in jail is it has been six years until at least she's -- spent four years in jail. For the manslaughter. And but it manslaughter by criminal negligence of their environment old old daughter Gloria. So still a very sad story but that's well."

" You know what can we say about things like this never run a -- similar reaction like just unbelievable. To think. That parents would keep legitimate medical attention from there from their child and that there are literally just be giving that child water."

" Yen and it's that it's even more heinous when you learn. When you go back and read the accounts the story and so -- the white man you when she. Apparently at some time ago fell fell ill with some she went and saw real doctor. -- and rely on the homeopathic remedies that that she and her husband regularly regularly dole out to idea. To people who don't know any better know she went and got real treatment real Madison."

" MIT partly responsible. Evan because the baby couldn't actually say hey I'm in pain. I'm having trouble -- or anything you know the baby was just crying. I'd imagine say yeah you're right just made it just brings that point even close at home when you think about it like actual negligence that took place here. This is one of those stories that. Makes -- thinking don't we really should start outlawing pseudo science like this. It's it's it's it's killing children we should have laws against things like."

" Well we've discussed this before meeting various countries through our systems in place. To prevent -- practicing medicine without a license or -- practicing essentially substandard you know quackery the problem is that. Because of the alternative medicine movement. Has been successful in weakening these laws and in. -- bamboozled and enough of the public into thinking that this is actually alternative. That things like this can happen. At least in this case there was some measure of justice that the and it still doesn't solve the problem that. Let's go -- a few of your questions the first letter comes from Jason. Who writes highest do you all the way from Sydney Australia have a question which is probably more -- Gould the Steven more than anyone else. SI understand it your stance on the afterlife is a plastic how do you deal with the patient who wishes to consult -- about the spiritual afterlife. It probably goes that saying that the patient state of Murray takes the utmost priority so debate is obviously out of the question. Such issues however have made me uncomfortable in the past. And as young medical student I would like to hear your take on how to talk to a patient through the matter although not necessarily pretending that I shared their beliefs in the afterlife. Thank you keep up the great -- Yet this is certainly something that comes up I mean honestly that maybe not as much as you might think. You know you have handed out terminal diagnoses. Quite a quite often and yet. You rarely do patients consult beyond for spiritual -- I think they understand that that's not my role as their physician. Tom did a few times win when patients brought up on your spiritual topics. Again just in general. Of the physician whose job is not to impose their belief system. On the therapeutic relationship on the patient. You don't really. Half to -- and -- you're belief system to the patient. And you can talk about in ways that. You'll have to say flat out you know American -- tell you war. Where what you believe what you don't believe certainly is not your position to get into a debate about spiritual you know faith with the patient. You know one very I think -- productive way to deal with that is just it. -- to ask them if they've talked about it with their family you know with there. Their pastors priests. -- whoever would be appropriate. To to to discuss with them they need in the benefit for a support structure. And for them to reach out to whatever support structure. They have and there there may be new ones that you could offer to them -- patient support groups etc. so that's for -- take the conversation. To the practical question you are difficult times and that she needs some kind of social support structure to help you new deal with the practical issues as well as the emotional issues. And did you -- you very easily decide attract any direct questions. But -- no no it's you know after practice is -- they have no patient has directly confronted me. And they really said you know I want you to tell me we are religious beliefs are. I think simply because it's sort of intuitive and it's not appropriate. A -- next question this one is a little more -- this one comes from trinity Sean Melvin. From Valparaiso Florida. And treaty rights. I recently purchased season one of Star Trek the next generation I'm loving it. It's particularly entertaining because every once in awhile something happens in the show suddenly get a reference that you guys made -- never quite understood until. -- Way to catch up to help the show they scanned -- and vessels for life signs or life forms. It got me thinking knowing that she and until such supposed life forces are scientifically untenable is there's some quality of living matter. That sets it apart from our living matter in such a way as to easily make it remotely discernible some kind of instruments. It seems to work on reptilian species so it doesn't relate -- hear anything quite as simple as that I know Star -- is famous for the techno babble and does it and does have its share of plain -- them possibilities. But I'm curious about the plausibility of this aspect of the show I'm guessing I'm asking exactly how far actually need to suspend my disbelief in this case. Thanks so much guys am off to tell more friends about Musharraf. Thank you trinity so this is -- this is purely speculative I mean certainly we've talked about the fact that for shows like Star Trek. You know you you do suspend your disbelief their plot devices in that are necessary to drive the plot Florida don't necessarily have to make technological sent. But it isn't a fun game to speculate about. The way things might work. Or what it's plausible impossible. Given what we know about laws of physics for example. So the question is. What is that what is the theoretical. Mechanism by which. You onboard the Starship Enterprise. You -- court scanned. For light signs. I'm on another ship for on this routed surface of the planet for example as -- thoughts."

" Movement animals move -- So you could start with that and then perhaps some other readings kick in right after that just kind of verified that what is actually moving is scaring off some sort of bio signature whether to cast their anger or something. -- smooth movement was my first."

" tickets are being given the level of our technology today extrapolate that into the future a couple of hundred years and it seems pretty implausible. You'd be able to use on some kind of a you know radar award dot letter. Arm or are just really you know -- very powerful. Camera to scan for it is physically moving objects. And then you could hone in on those -- he used. Infrared or sometimes they do distinguish species by their temperature for example so they write the art does that does -- using some kind of a thermal infrared or whatever. Imaging."

" Alec I would say don't be very very big record -- to the and trinity it's kind of discounting -- way. -- but I think that would be that will be day to be clearly do lots to the speeches have -- after temperature range. Mean even even their reptiles. And they wouldn't it's that they wouldn't be yet and environmental temperature necessarily what they Steve and I think you can even use it to side. To bid perhaps distinguish. The reptilian corn as well couldn't --"

" Well certainly some some reptiles. Aren't you cold blooded into their temperature is the same premise environment. That doesn't necessarily mean really wouldn't get any heat but that would that would depend on how much energy there David -- then -- the environment so bad it will be very very difficult. For them what about new role complexity somehow. We got it so tell and so we do we do to what signals to living things give -- a lot of heat. They move current accident they may be -- exhaling gases that that could be potentially detectable through spectrum could be years have similar method. What about heart cents cents you know. Making news this is assuming the ability. To detect tiny tiny cents from very very far away yeah that is attached hunt but that's. But not outside the atmosphere as well. But -- we you know -- did it. In terms of the technology were assuming that they're using some incredible technique you know that we can only guess that. That will enable them to menial in the Palestinian armed vibrations in the atmosphere San season. Even it triangular late to some specific object even a small object very far away that's not implausible that's just would require assortment technological. That's -- irritation but you know that the information is there an accessible. So thanks for the question trinity aiming -- highly speculative but but but fun to talk about one more quick email this one comes from lance spangler. Who gives his location as FLP Barca -- Or Iraq if police is a forward operating base and this is a very cool off it's a prison camp that could be a first for her -- less -- a -- a -- And lance spangler. Does that -- I can name you would make up for militant guy yet. It's -- to -- in eternal -- spangler. This Adobe. Hiro hates. I'll try to keep this short Israeli. -- he -- very determined by the I'm new to podcasts -- my iPod about nine months ago but it is a great medium haven't broadcasting back and appreciate this new media and its potential. Here's the question if you should ever have time for -- a friend and I are arguing over the answer. You're flying below the spacecraft at the speed of light you have a lightbulb in. In the ceiling of the stand. Can you single lights it's it speed is relative to the speed of the craft and taking -- a step further if you turn the spacecraft -- lights on will be illuminate the industry just ahead if you. -- since the late being emitted as a relative forwards between zero based on the state pay spacecraft speed wouldn't look as if the light wasn't even turn dot. Okay wacky question but sometimes we have too much time and -- here in the desert."

" 011 problem right office. Physics itself as a problem with the premise. Initially if you're assuming. You're traveling at speed light and that's the problem because he can't try to get your travel at speed light it would take infinite energy to get up there. And it even if you can get to exactly at the speed of light. You could argue that time doesn't exist at that at that speed it -- a photon. A photon it's a photon condone anything he would know that it was created and then it is -- it was absorbed at its destination. And whether there was afoot to between those two events or a billion light years it would make -- different this time essentially doesn't exist have been you couldn't do anything. If you were at the so let's say 99 while -- percent of the speed of light and a problem there would be that if if the scientists on the ship. Would say measure the headlights speed. They would measure it as as a speed of light isn't -- exactly that's that's -- have that's the law you the speed of light. Is -- to you it always seems to be at the speed of traveling at speed light whether you're traveling afoot the second. Or point 99%. Of the of the speed of light. And died and of course of space time kind of adapts itself so that it so that. Don't work so that when you do measure it it is it does appear to be moving at the speedway even though you were traveling. A very close to the speed -- yourself so special relativity time dilation all that comes into play."

" Right and so that was a couple different ways to explain this it to help maybe bring home what is that you don't you don't add. Speeds when you're talking about you know -- Dispute you add the speed of the light to the craft the dispute Elaine as always is a constant always -- regardless of your frame of reference and here's the other thing. When you say you're moving at. In 99.9 percent the speed of light that would only had a lot of meaning if you see relative to what relative to something. Any physical experiment that you. If there was an asteroid travelling ahead of you might would be bouncing back and forth between union -- exactly. The same sort of course there's that that's a whole point of relativity at there's no experiment you can do. That would tell you. What you wear uniform speed was commodities it really doesn't have any meaning to say to -- traveling at any speed it'll only does. Relative to something else. And no matter what your frame of reference the speed of light is just feel like -- behaves just like the speedily."

" I was so what do five cents key insights -- absolutely. Well let's go our current week."

" Yeah."

" seven were sitting here now with Marc Edwards are welcome to -- hey guys it's great to be here thank you for inviting me. And Embarq is a magician and now a blogger and that's one of the members of these the pilot to step apologists for. Who unfortunately is stuck in a pilot phase of what the part of over here is to get a fitting that what's going -- that. So mark tell us about about your career okay."

" Well I started off as. -- magician my grandfather was a magician. And is always very much interest in magic and illusion and the paranormal in the super natural light and it's always been in my life in one form or another and being a magician I got more interested in mantle -- which is a branch of magic but it's not. He'll pull rabbits out of had to pretend to read minds and predict the future. I thought that was a much more sophisticated if that's the right word form of magic because. People believed in them more if you if he said you could turn out green handkerchief into red handkerchief it was to news. What's the big deal you know there was no meaning to nobody really believes you're doing -- especially colorblind people look at that you're -- antenna to receive -- very clever nice -- hand next you know and and ideas -- satisfied for many years that. Although I did broke tricks and card tricks and all that. But what really interest in the is that if you change that dynamic by saying that there was. Magic with a cane and he referred to some. Bigger universe. Suddenly people -- standing in line for -- insane how did you develop your your skills and and of course my ego. This charmed with that I said wow this is. This is different now people are coming to -- I don't have struggled quite as much say you worked in restaurants it was kind of like. Being a bad mariachi player -- come to the table and say would you like to see some magic -- people are kind of like well okay you know but if you said would you like if you are reading it's like where's the line you know Larry sign up for a terror rating. So that and -- men's clothes and I started doing readings and I was a quote professional psychic quote for. About nine years on the the famed. Psychic friends network and I decided that I would infiltrate that the whole time I was doing that I was. Also very good friends with Michael Shermer and skeptic magazine now is on the editorial board there. So I've been -- to two very interesting lines that the skeptics and the believers. And I wanted to really infiltrate the soft dark underbelly of the psychic world and try to work myself to the top of it just to see. But -- bullpen was about. During this time had to be clear you're presenting yourself as they quoted quote genuine psychic not as they never did disclaimer now well there are two sides of it I did. I did corporate parties and and and things like that where I was it was strictly entertainment. But then I had another side of my personality which is where I was working in a spiritual church. And how is absorbing is much Wu is like again and it was very intense. Debate they accepted me as one of down. With some of them were like their elected people who are very diluted and then there -- the people who were kind of the wink wink nod. Psychics who knew that I was. Kind of there effort. -- If you know about colonies and carnivals. If you go down the midway and they're -- you know all penny a pitch you know step right up through the ring on the Coke bottle. If you say that term will it took them -- used to be and they automatically lead you along casino that your witted and you're not gonna fall for the time. So in the psychic world -- kind of day. Tenuous understanding that way bit there will not come up to and say hey we know your phony just like us. But they know by your tone in -- learn how you're presenting yourself it's kind of a wink wink nod type thing. So and I fell in with allies because they. They never outwardly said you know you're a phony dislike us but it was understood right so -- kind of day. Understood situation. Which is very comfortable because I was able to learn so much about what was going on and they didn't hold back their other people who work. Kind of the other side of the camp where the people who work the dyed in the wool believers. But they were only being shepherded in. So that they could become pro peace and -- kind of a there's like going to likely psychic grad school you know you -- come in. As a believer -- you end. Making money in mountains so in the -- but that in between phase -- some people knew some people didn't. But the real pros that I met -- but how long to do for. But nine years in around nine years of I was on the phone alive and I've I've learned a lot doing that because what I tried to do is. The honest with people. In other words if I couldn't handle a problem I would give out an 800 number ads in you really need to talk to a marriage counselor. Abuse shelters something like that of course if people were running a company. -- Dad and what happened is over the years. They start to put these restrictions on how you would talk and what you would say -- finally it that you and I can use this is unethical so I just. Grew a conscience and said forget what was the reaction of the people but he told teams. -- near -- and that's the thing when they usually civil what's the number you know it's that's really what's that what's a woman's shelter. You know they had no idea I can add one moment she said well I got a problem so what she says well I boyfriend -- my eye out I'm like really get up. It's can you tell me what to do and I said he need to call a woman's shelter and choose. Let's that. And so it's amazing in the amount of things that I have done on the right during those years that exist people looking for help. But they didn't nowhere else to tell them about the most severe thing you ever heard are -- so that's terrible things terrible much much worse than that. 11 time that in on this is why you know I went back and forth about whether it was a value or not is because. You know I save somebody's life one time and is very interesting because I was I was on the line it was late at night early in the morning and a woman called. And I was frankly had been on for about seven hours straight on the telephone. So it's kind of like that -- stock greeting reliever such kind of blew up blew her off you know ever stock creating. She disappeared in about three months later I got a phone call from the president of the company vice president of the psychic friends network that's the woman who was a trainer. She said you remember this woman whatever name is blah blah blah and -- I don't really do you remember this night this called this minute and I said now and she said well we just want to -- it. She had a gun to her head and he's gonna commit suicide but what she told her. She changed her mind and now she's going to school and she's taking her singing and she well turned her whole life around and I was like. I given her just a general readings so you know. So the power that I think stuck with me for -- They chose reading C incidents leading the he has every right you know hitting him -- a for an elk. Yeah I mean if I tried to really understand or she might have hung up the phone -- her head office I mean these are the and there are things like that happen frequently so for me it was. A really interesting couple of years because like I got to the bottom of the business and I saw the very worst. But I also saw that there's something going on that was of value. You know it was because it was to that was apartments there. That's an extreme way of looking think of it that way ever do that bit reelect. News who. They didn't think that we are there to -- you're a super -- and -- and an outing as that I took I didn't have to because after awhile that the company made all these ways that they could make money in other words didn't he started getting charged as soon as. You call the company -- and they had all these commercials and different things she usually psychic so. It's a standard -- they would dead and by the way I can only say these things because that ten years his past I had to sign a confidentiality. Agreement company. So nine in my book psychic blues it's all there psychic friends and you should buy a copy of Dion Warwick -- out their listening. Yeah on -- read your story I evidence for it now. So -- so you know they've made up all these rules that we're very manipulative and I could reveal some of those maybe not now it without miss Cleo. C'mon I didn't I had nothing to do with her but she's the real deal what do you see -- what I -- my -- what do you see in the -- cups -- Those who is he does that mean I -- I managed to get in right on the ground floor I think it was like ninety's for some. His chest burgeoning -- He started off they thought they only needed about. I think hundred psychics and went to like 2001. Year and they are making literally millions of dollars anyway it's that's part of my past I've been -- around there. And hear about some things now are -- they because what it is is it became. Became such a gigantic Frankenstein monster. They. Got top him being greedy and they ended up getting a lot of lawsuits. And it finally went bankrupt. The component that was predictable yet. When you revealed just stopped doing it or did you actually tell people AM com. I don't believe -- go to -- I would never say I didn't believe it because I I didn't think it was and had anything to do with belief it was just like you know I believe in gravity -- drop something on the table it's gonna hit the table -- people have issues. And my acting wise. I would just be totally honest with him like a lot of people would just follow up and -- say. I need Lotto numbers that's colony make it quit once before but experts say okay here's your a lot of numbers the -- And -- and they and then they called activated I didn't win and I suddenly a nasty ones winning Lotto numbers and is author of the words I played with a I let them out of that I wasn't serious about dead. And and by not being serious to so many the other people who worked with images dairy doom and gluten you know it totally diluted with here. Because they gave us a chance sometimes it tune in to the other people want to talk about I just couldn't even I was just so I decided I was gonna be. The honest psychic and now is not gonna say if they if they challenge me and to me at the one of the best parts is what I would get a skeptic. I love getting a skeptic column because I carry a conversation with them and and I wouldn't always win them over book that I had I had certain times where. You know I like to challenge and I like to be able to kind of an also they had a thing where they would. They would do it drop in listens in other words the first and there was a supervisor. You would now that they be listening to your call oh yes they had to be kind of carefully he -- call may be -- but that's okay that I am I actually liked that too because they skirted the very borders of you know being skeptics cite it in other -- I I just. Took it right to the edge right didn't say I was anything but I didn't say it was either so it. That kind of inculcated his mindset that I. Was walking -- both rounds at the same time everything really funny happened. Oh yeah I mean. You would have what we my ex wife and I we both -- line and we would call them ringers and ringers were like just. These stories that -- stranger than any fiction you could imagine and they were just the they would be so crazy that we had to sit down and write them. And later on I went back over them man made this looks like it was so I mean yet beverage is to give -- one. I had I had one guy who. He had this phobia that there were tiny little scissors ever work well everywhere he went there under his life on another pair of scissors today. And -- what they look like -- they're just miniatures scissors. Analysts in someone's trying to gas slightly Felix Jones putting them there for -- reason to make me crazy and he called me about four. And I said where the scissors today and he said theory in my idea jeans model work. Stuff like that. But an ability to simulate that needs to -- Kate yes -- to see a psychiatrist yeah it's it's a totally out that's -- I said are you seeing a therapist are you you know is this. Are you taking LSD you know I tried to ask them what's going on. And and that was what was sometimes very strange -- they they showed no outward signs of anything except that delusion you know on. You know I work in the bank and I'm married and I've got three kids it's just scissors am stuff like thieves so that I really obviously that's. That's at the psychosis I -- supporter there are functioning psychotic if you the person but the Everest has something like. He you to your spirit guide is telling you all none of psychiatry are you have everything to me well you know that that would be. And valid and I just it never went to that level yet as I did not want to make it sound like. Could somebody like that is obviously delusional you don't need to give them another delusion you know I tried actually backtrack and say. I'd say this kind of I think I told the guy one time this is not that and you're sure what it. Because you don't want them to think that you're makin' fun of yet he can't let go what the Nazi and -- So what are you doing them now on trying to get this kept colleges you know I think off the ground I'm really. Very frustrated and trying to push. We have -- blog site it's called WWW. Skeptic blogger dot org. And I'm pushing this agenda of ambush skepticism. Guerrillas skepticism because my background before I was. Magician and -- Angeles. I have my degree is an art in my degree is in performance art so why. I used to do street theater and performance art and I really wanna find a way to get out into. The culture and cause some trouble with skepticism so we can get in the public guy and people can say. I'm Michael as a kind of feel like the Andy Rooney of the paranormal. In mountain and the habits of people think. What's gonna happen this week with the skeptic people kind of like Greenpeace only not -- it there. But I -- a activist group that's visible. The people who are like me in other phony psychic Sylvia and all her her ilk. Wonder you know they might be in the crowd tonight what it again and again and plan things like that so that. It becomes visible on and a -- lot of humor I think he was really important. So -- do that I've I've I'm writing another book right now I have a lot of books on theory of mental as a man out to a the effective performer so -- to perform. Oh yeah and yet I have but it have to say though via mantle as the site is is. Kinda slow -- it ever since 9/11 the whole seance business is just. I don't I think that maybe three stances were -- to do probably. To a three month. And after 9/11 for some reason just dropped. Wouldn't -- it's I I think people it's not mean calling back the dead is not as fun as that you're okay and I think people have kind of -- Different take on. So then I still do -- is -- I try to do those as much as possible because for me that's really acting in the acting world comes in. You did it the people that are attending -- stance. It is doing -- a partied like it thank as a piece of entertainment vehicle -- Well I don't do I I tell people you know I. I don't do real quote unquote real -- that's right I tell people can view them -- through a lot more money and effort that I had and I usually scares them away. Because when I first started doing and I did. Try a couple of those -- it was like it was pretty ugly day I didn't I didn't feel I was in mind yeah around. So I tell people it's for entertainment and it's done as a you know at this. Pick a specific entity like Jimi Hendrix Jim Morrison. You know -- Michael Jackson -- Michael Jackson takers out there and a half in our menu then you view Taylor this stance to that person. And that it so it's a party. Yet thousands of them really a lot of fun it's great and -- keep people love it but once again and on the live it its cash net. Not doing too well on that market of the world of medalists who. In your opinion is it is the best one out there. -- I think that's surprisingly good question good -- I -- even he's kind of fallen off but I think I mean if you ever senior -- and he has absolutely. Stupendous and I would never. Colin a magician on Angeles he wouldn't call himself that. But as a performer I I think he's probably in the lucky changed the whole way we look it's over war it. And I and I mean hasn't been anybody like AdSense and and Anderson invent this -- Or -- or yeah -- support the president must be very interesting enough for someone like you'd be in the room with him because. You see what -- right -- that I do appreciate you and oh yes and actually appreciate what he says whereas I mean most skeptics like. -- reprehensible. -- it is a totally different -- I see it as a as a very keen. Manipulator who knows how to take advantage of every possible moment and that's the key to being Goodman to -- and -- it. You have to understand the dynamics of a room right away and nowhere to focus and we're back off and that's that's the real work in other tricks your. Icing on the cake the real thing is that mindset. Yes he's got that down."

" And when you just say announces that the what do you do purely like mental doesn't say announces its its all in your performance or did you -- do you have any physical elements like noises around."

" Yeah I I do I do add in I have. It depends on the venue and how much you know those things add on to the bill -- on other things haven't. I have a walked in lock out seance that I do which is the the that the bid base rate. And I add things on it thank talkin' to them to the host and suit you wanna have. Background noise to one half a picture frames to the one and added John you know -- can you show us up and anything and I hate to ask you -- and such are. Huge fan of magic and everything if you have -- and love the -- let let's let's try to contact the spirit of Michael Jackson let's do it all right so Rebecca join us every -- we need everybody that it takes to link hands on the table just real quick here and -- But he put the water in the center -- at the table starts to go over to the ceiling is something we. You wanna be sure that there's no off okay now I want you to lay your hands flat on the table. And I want you to. Just touch her little fingers over what performing here this is called the psychics circle. The kisser ever had found a table we are part of if we could we can't turn the lights up can. I can do it yeah just get up for a second that you make about the future to be listening. Okay because the spirits work -- dark as we all know I mean and yes so that's further while we do on the exit sign but that's that's actually not in red light is good okay now as I said you -- Feel things once we start the street sense you may feel things -- make sense things. You know you may feel -- touch on your shoulder or cold believes in something like that so don't be afraid because the skirts are all. Here to entertain -- they mean no harm. And Michael Jackson you know he was a gentle soul and it if the worst that can happen is going to be some cookies in the local materialize and that's the word is yes I."

" So some then relax. Everyone taking deep cleansing breath. Spirits. We are here at him seven. I feel that you are near us. In this through a field that you are reticent to make yourself known but now it's your chance because we're all waiting so spirits. Can you reach beyond the work avail the whale -- maybe there's a whale trying to come from within his reach beyond the veil. And reach towards Michael Jackson and GA. Are you there can you speak to us can you give us the physical sign. Give us this line. Speak to us. One rap for yes. Two for now. Sanjay. Are you here. Well. I think -- that you just always hear yours sounds a little angry he's telling me that he is here. He's telling the family now this is going out to the Stanley he does not wanna be buried. Under tons of concrete to keep his body from being stolen by great figures is that true Michael is that the message. Yes. Can you ask him if he's angry at me for protecting staff couldn't. Michael are you angry for any of the psychics who have predicted -- death. And good. So spirits we are very tight time element right now. So I did you too. He'd gone leave this room ghostly spirits fools are scenes never more be -- convened shepherds Wharton holy right. -- the into the night. He may break the -- X com. Turn the lights -- David kidney."

" I was a thriller. How easy this is -- not make anyone feel anything that anyone has not to yankees. Headed into -- I have had about three pinky is that weird yeah. I thought about it I can say I don't that was the thing. It's so cliche it's obviously -- lights go down right you you speak it commanding voice yeah you know you you create the tone. -- try if you have any kind of true beliefs about this that the thing right purity in the zone that's right that darkened room you know it the mood changes. And Martin I wanted to tell you that at -- at the last year we've been we've been working on our materialism scales very well and then we have -- something everything is quite remarkable about the make -- devastation for your. Okay okay. And it."

" Yeah changed its roots and Sharon initial reports from. And in the absolute. And can rent. Some him. The absence and this is now. Buttons and -- it's -- important component Williams soon is."

" Oh yeah."

" I don't know I don't know are we salute. And dude from him. And back. They think I was trying to help Archuleta hasn't -- yeah. Yeah I -- I a little act a pleasant -- opportunity for 52. Yeah. That's right I forgot that kept. Right every you know."

" Bookmark these -- joining us OK guys guys -- anytime you you wanna colony about any subject in this area I'd be happy to. Milieu and the loss to pass that watch and for the -- apologists or something like it but. I -- to have."

" Last -- it. It's time for."

" Hello hello hello skeptics -- the clintons to thank. But this week you season or indeed here we ago. I don't want. Researchers find that hyenas significantly outperformed chimpanzees in a test of cooperative problem -- Eureka item number two -- research finds that scandinavians are descended from local populations that have lived in the region for at least a million years. And three and you study shows that negative subliminal messages are more effective than positive subliminal messages. Having -- first."

" Well I -- is significantly. Outperforming chimpanzees. And a test of cooperative problems -- thing I don't know about that significantly outperformed. The next one. Will -- the new research about scandinavians. Sending from a local populations. While a million years is a long time. Allen doesn't seem right either. I think two -- fiction and let's see with the last one says. Negative subliminal messages are more effective. And positive subliminal messages and that's plausible. That's certainly possible. -- might be fiction it. But that's not the case. -- I'll save the subliminal messages statement is fiction okay."

" Tendencies and I mean as yet that's the seem a bit bizarre. Mean the cooperative aspect of but I think. Mites waited to tie into believability that was just says a loan I mean I'd be more intelligent and loan chimpanzees and think that would clearly be wrong but. Because it's corporate of I think it feasible. The subliminal messages yeah it seems that seems right to me that a negative message would be more jarring and and have more impact -- subpoenas positive. Odds of that kind of makes sense as well the Scandinavian so while local populations. Up from a million years now seems way too long. On an -- that is fiction paycheck."

" I'd agree with Bob about the the hyenas in the chimpanzees on the point that I -- was a single -- I would I would think it. It couldn't can -- perform it to chimpanzee. And by the EC hygiene is working together and every I've read about that a lot and how. A complicated era interaction is especially liked the teamwork. Just don't know I don't I don't have enough information about that. New research finds the scandinavians are descended from local populations that have been that of that in the region for at least a million years -- For a long long time. That. That raise a flag got but too comfortable with a million years that. And -- a study shows that negatives subliminal messages are more effective and positive subliminal messages when we're talking like what kind of subliminal messages how are they delivered the you know they heard they read subliminally. In general people are more likely to believe the negative comment about them that a positive one. I don't know. Maybe now that it lets flip flopped in my head now not a particular. At this specific number -- the middle what is at -- about the scandinavians."

" So you all agree that reached -- significantly outperform to print these intensive cooperative problem solving. His science and that is in fact science. Testing. Yeah there's a distinct and -- right I think -- thing that really clinched it was to acquire operative problems in his was a specific test as an eight test of corporate problems and what they did was they. I had. A platform with two ropes attached to top the platform is meat and bone chip from its food. I think he's got to pull the two -- at same time yet pull them apart. Researcher Christine Andrea from Duke University. Found that. Within moments you know minutes trillion of the two I mean is being put into that -- a test case. The figured out how to you know simultaneously -- on the road to get the -- And his her jaw dropped into today's stages that it immediately. To chimpanzees took a lot longer. Andy had a harder time working together. Which he suspects is that at any cooperative pack hunting mammal. Needs to be able to to work together like that so. They suspected that at the pack hunting screen is in my -- at this wouldn't cooperative problem -- But also she DC of polling on the ropes at the same time there's a lot like pulling down pranks. And in order for our team is to -- got a big propriety they need to. You know pulled Garrett at the same time so this is a task that it it might be particularly well suited to it. That's amazing aiming to think that they did that -- a matter of a few minutes less than two minutes. I think I mean I don't think that Meehan of Fred -- Sigurdardottir assess. Unity in the streets of the that's about these starving to have a let's go to number two new research finds that Scandinavian descent local populations that have lived in the region of released him lean years. -- about you think that on news that fake revenues that Syria Israel and that one is tricky to -- Now yeah I said they were all fiction so dramatically. Wrong that. Yes whenever. Go back and replace it if this gets to the other two. Competing hypotheses you know out of Africa versus the original hypothesis the multi regional offices. And that the others there is some suggestion that. There may have been local populations that were stable. And that even though. There were -- the leader waves of more modern humans from Africa to Europe. They then would into bread with the local populations in -- team. The local genetic features Aniston. Asians were Asian TV you if you go back huge job but we go back to two. Correctness has -- AB David statement was true of other other regions like Scandinavia. But the out of Africa hypothesis is definitely definitely per dominating recently yeah. Get a piece of space she could bring to bear as you know how old is the human species homo sapiens and estimates -- about. -- was sapiens split from -- and appliances about 500000 years -- years ago in Africa. The news item that. Inspired this was a study genetic study that showed that scandinavians are in fact descended. From stone age immigrants. Only from thousands of years ago. After the development of agriculture probably. Something on the order of magnitude of 4007. Years ago so basically stone age immigrants. Quite the opposite of the Marines. Yet they have that actually quite amazing. On the genius to equal don't they did their due to genetic studies on them. And it's an incredible pool to to study that would which means the of the homogeneity to similarities. Right in the Jackson it. That implies a recent small -- population right. All of this means that and you study shows that negative subliminal messages are more effective than positive so with a master's is in fact. Science it's an inch and this ordeal caught my attention to because it wasn't really convinced that there's any legitimacy to these subliminal messaging. I'd still little controversial. And it also because depends on exactly what you're doing you know not all support Obama's user created equal. But this study did was state last words on a screen for very short fractions of a second for example. 150. Of his second in some cases. And the words were either negative. Like agony despair murder. Positive like cheerful -- were neutral box a year or cattle. The question was. Does the emotion now the of the word affect the participants ability to respond to what they saw. They didn't ask them to -- what the word was that is that was the word that was flashed up emotionally positive negative or neutral it was all that they ran past. They were also asked -- are you other. Interestingly they were able to guess that the board had a negative emotion. -- implication more accurately that a neutral or positive one. Even when they felt they were guessing randomly when he didn't feel as if that he had seen anything. And they had no confidence that the answer they still -- negative words correctly more often than positive. Interest. This indicates that there may be some you know rapid subconscious visual processing. I'm and in fact dispute dove -- with some recent other evidence showing that in fact there are visual processing pathways that -- not necessarily. -- conscious awareness of overseeing. Purpose of this is probably to be able to -- reacted very quickly. To -- emotional visual stimulus. Without necessarily having to go through -- the slower. Full conscious processing office that we could react quickly. To -- things."

" Think that would be -- survival tactics like from bodily harm -- yeah I think so yeah season the pathways that might be better and they are able to function for things like. Words. And then. Doctor who's that is over boy. Let's play it again for those who forgot. From last week."

" What was -- and -- that was that's how and other you can believe it or not. That is the sound recording of someone reuniting who has fluid. And their lawns. Yeah lights. That would have been -- for the past two weeks. You'd be you'd be surprised at how long it took me to find find that on here and you on the music that you actually said I wanna find that sounded he started out. It was one of the biological sounds I was little I was actually looking for him to -- it took awhile but there. But I did I did eventually find it. -- the closest person to guessing correctly was sea otter who cast. That was the sound of breathing through a step Disco. So that that's close close it doesn't exactly what goes for all -- it was good good guest on -- give it to see other. Because it's within my power to do so. Well congratulations. -- Dunn's -- And that for the moment you've been waiting for this week view of skipped over the rest of the podcast to get to this very moment. National keep you waiting no longer here's this week's who's that."

" That's a perfect example what you did last night he sounded smooth and polished and strong and convincing. And what he was selling was snake oil that is a completely. Focused on client."

" All right good noise there yes so try to figure out who that is the most. And who's he talking about the -- well. And what they have for dinner. That's the double me -- cubicle for us. I certainly do Steve. This is a quote that is. I tried to. To validated and it is accredited to see the -- I was actually mostly known for winning a Nobel prize. That's wasn't one of the characters from bill and Ted's excellent adventure and remember that. And Ortiz on strike out a huge he found cures for Titus and typhoid fever. And he was renowned. University of Maryland in Baltimore researcher in the fields of medicine field of medicines -- And he said when you hear hoof beats behind you don't expect to see zebra."

" That there's a there's other variations of that quote we knew they -- all. All the work when you hear hoof beats listening courses. Secrets. Of course that was used by the current oil Arthur Conan Doyle -- those were to -- in the mouth. Sherlock Holmes went to my imbalances would have to say if yours and here hoof beats on the streets of London. -- courses not secret and that he's a famous quote in the medical profession. In fact. We call rare medical diagnoses and --"

" After that that comment Steve's amazing I -- you know I got this quote from a listener and I should. Give that listener credit right now and I show that quote sensitive by nick. -- telephone Orlando Florida. Hasty yet it blows me away that. I didn't give you any time any forewarning about what the quote was going to be that you jumped on and have all this amazing information at your fingertips like that that was virtually zero research on your part. Tim a physician that's a famous quote -- he's been tight and it's been using that his lecture for twelve years I've just say this."

" I also took a course in medical school on Sherlock Holmes here we used that the stories of Sherlock Holmes. As a way of teaching clinical decision making. Yeah he be read read a story we would not get the ending have to figure out the answer. And then. We would make an analogy between the kind of logic we had to use this to salted -- mystery. Two diagnostic. Question it was a great course it was awesome course we have applied our other various activities in a while so. If you're listening to the show you might also want to listen to the -- to you five by five -- short format single topic podcast safe for the class treatment for children. You may want to join -- lively discussions of our episodes in other topics in science and skepticism on our forums. Which you can and get to from the view that site. You can read our various blogs that neurological which is my personal blog about neurology critical thinking -- and skepticism. Science based medicine group medical block the rogues gallery which is the official blog of the issue and skeptic blog which is the official blog of this apologists. So thank you for joining me get this week it's fairly right. And that's embedded dip and -- until next week this is your skeptics guide to the arts."

" Discuss discuss the universe is produced by the New England skeptical society. In association with the James Randi educational foundation and -- chick dot org for more information on this and other episodes. Please visit our website at www. That's got its -- dot org for questions suggestions and other feedback. Please use to contact us form part of the website war send an email to info at the skeptics -- Dutch court -- If you took this episode that please help us spread the word I voted for aside Dick. Relieving us review -- iTunes you can find links to these sites and others to our home page. Serum is produced by kiddo and he's used -- permission."