Title: Here and Now for Thursday, October 15, 2009

" I'm running young it's here and now Pakistan president -- rallies are -- he says today's bloodshed won't deter the government from its mission of eliminating extremists. Who he says are waging a guerrilla war. They seem a gunman hit three law enforcement facilities in Lahore. At a car bomb devastated a police station in northwest Pakistan. The attacks killed more than three dozen people. More than a hundred have been killed in the last two weeks. Let's start with the latest from at Sarah John and Harrison and he's the BBC's South Asia editor in London. And dear John we of the standard opening question do we know who the attackers --"

" So far no no group has said it kind of don't attack but the Coleman to Normandy would blame the -- on militants the panicky pounded on militant group. Which is considered to be an umbrella group of all the Islamist militant groups in the northwest and -- to. A regional park is gone. But the Islamist militants and do have -- some of their. Support groups in the Punjab province has both so there are normally the suspicion report on the Islamist militants or would have cut it out this attack."

" How -- mention a program we spoke about the different types of militants and homegrown Islamic Taliban and there are different. Taliban the foreign fighters and al-Qaeda and the militant. In Pakistan who traditionally fight India with the blessing of some of Pakistan's. Secret agencies so this can get complicated but. Do you think that this these attacks are in direct response to the government saying they are gonna go after militants especially in southern would you stand."

" Many people with -- so because that Coleman's face -- dismount gearing up for an offensive against a militants -- on -- on militants. In this all publicity is on tribal region which is far of the of from. That the attacks that took place and the South Waziristan region it's unknown haven for al-Qaeda and Taliban militants. The Pakistani air force that focused on air force jets have been carrying out their rates attacking militant -- notes in this particular region for months now. And had been talking about an imminent ground offensive. Of course this offensive comes at the months after under the military offensive against a militant positions in the swamp -- But militants that they did warn that the the moment goes ahead but this particular offensive. Then David C that it had commissions and other pops up parkas on. And that is what we are seeing it right now. And the garment does not meant that this could be in response to that stepped up operations against the militants in the not list an agent. Which borders. --"

" How much of this has to do with the conversations happening in Washington the debate over whether to send more troops to Afghanistan or shift more of the focus. Two militant groups in Pakistan. And an aid package that comes with strings attached asking the Pakistani government to do more to fight militants. How much do these attacks have to do that."

" What has happened in Washington by sending in more troops to Afghanistan by stepping up operations against upon -- militants in Afghanistan. The Taliban militants have come under pressure because of that and also the drone attacks. In the border idiots they come on bombs certain selected targets and some off the top militant leaders very killing these attacks for example made to -- nestled. -- you was the lead at all that pounded on moment in duplicitous -- and -- despite you believe that these drone attacks third. A convicted or managed by his CA -- so this has put the -- pressure on the militants on the border region. And also if you see one president of Barack Obama has been saying they want to focus more on -- bother on the one side the B. An American. Troops can put pressure on the part of -- up inside and the expect the Pakistani forces to launch operations against the kind of bond militants on the Pakistani side. In the meanwhile the drone attacks are continuing and American officials have indicated that. David stepped up these attacks because their approach successful. Whatever is happening in Washington -- a direct impact in the border region between Afghanistan and Pakistan."

" the Pakistan security forces up for this here we have these militants attacking army headquarters police stations which is supposed to be heavily fortified. Does this say that the militants are stronger that we think or that Pakistan's security forces are weaker."

" What you are seeing its patent on this kind of a guerrilla warfare of course and create a damaged. But doesn't mean that Pakistani army and Pakistani security forces can be easily defeated by these militants and knowledge -- retaliating. They're trying to create a damaged it and then the Pakistani governments -- among the public. Cause a panic and that is what they have been doing."

" That's sending the messages to import your rights on the guardian website that no target is beyond their reach. Theory -- embarrassed on the BBC South Asia editor speaking to us from London a dear John thank you thank you -- Did you know that a 130 million Americans 43% of us are without any kind of dental insurance. That in 2000 they would 224. Counties in the US without a single dentist. Did you know that the US is graduating fewer dentist today than it was twenty years ago from fewer dental school -- You may know that in 2007. At twelve year old boy in Prince George's County Maryland died for want -- a tooth extraction. His family relied on Medicaid and in Maryland less than a fifth of all dentists accept Medicaid patients. In part because they truly can't break even on Medicaid payments. Well today you wanna take a closer look at dental care it's been overlooked in all the talk of health care reform but lack of it. Causes serious problems ranging from heart disease to as we just heard. Death slate editor June Thomas has written a seven part series called the American way of dentistry -- get to our website here now dot org."

" June and who knows so much can be said about dentists welcome. Yankees hope that this is a story that's close to your hard it starts with your own personal observation. You grew up in a part of England they didn't at all value general can. Yes it was very much. A specific place a specific time my group in an area where. There was just an expectation that you would have false teeth probably by the time you weren't there -- can you really don't remember seeing any member of my found recently or even anybody in the neighborhood. Who had their own teeth and I remember. When I first went to -- or other fancy secondary schools I was about eleven. I kept seeing these hostile to people who are over 35 they had their own natural teeth and I just was so boggled by this there was no definitely no brushing. No I never brush my teeth and I actually go to the dentist so it wasn't that there was no awareness of the need for oral hygiene generally. -- so I would go to the dentist they would pull teeth or just put currents and they just really didn't take a lot of effort to preserve the teeth because even day acknowledged that they would probably be coming at relatively soon it was just the culture. -- 100 United States you find two things first of all that there is still a class of people in this country that doesn't have dental care but for very different reasons. But also there's another class post the fifties and sixties. That thinks the most important thing is to have a -- set of white teeth and you you think what when you see that. Well it's very intimidating. I mean I had gradually moved away from my village and and and I had had an awareness that. It really wasn't cool to have a night full of rotten teeth. But when I came to the states. I've definitely felt that might appearance was a problem but it was difficult because dental care is expensive. We tend to focus on that this may take the side of things. But I was having a lot of pain and I couldn't two very well dental pain is one of the most disturbing kinds of pain is very difficult to concentrate on anything. For kids in school it hard for them to listen to the teacher it's hard to sleep it's hard to deal with your kids when you're having dental pain. So I really wanted to take care it just didn't have you know from people who say oh -- I had to think once. Just -- described. Some of the pain that you have a there's a specific kind of dental pain I think mostly when you've got an abscess in the -- it's infected that you can hear. You kind of have to stop what you're doing and just let it pass because. You really can't news feud that -- in your head is. This is kinda takes over your world and this is very difficult to do anything when you're suffering with them. We you finally begin to work for Microsoft other companies have dental insurance plan supplementary plan and stick out. You spent how much of your own money over how many years to fix your T. But say and I -- I spent about 45000 dollars of my own money over a period of about ten years. And what -- is a -- that he discovered in the US and you you actually take us through you say if any movie maker ever wants to label somebody a heck. They give the bad teeth I mean we have a way in America. Making bad teeth stand for something so wasn't that and the idea that you wanted to be social and advance your career or wasn't for health reasons it was a both. It was both I mean certainly I wanted to be done without pain I wanted to be able to vector is its Batiste to eat vegetables it's much easier. When you don't have a whole range of foods that you just can't eat infected -- health. People back this up that one of the problems of bad teeth is that people increasingly eat bad food. Right they eat a lot of processed food they eat a lot of you know canned foods that are easier to -- but that are not particularly nutritious. To -- I took pains to be able to choose is fantastic. And also. Not feeling that you -- difference in the -- Immediately set yourself as a different kind of person from the people that you want to mix with that work on that you're expected to mix it. Speaks a huge difference to your attitude to life in to Europe comfort level just deeper into the crisis in dentistry. And what is peculiar about the way most dentists practice they made it very hard for them to cover. Let's say Medicaid patients take -- through some of the issues will the difference in dentistry is that almost all but eighteen to 85% of dentists are. Basically small businesspeople. They pay all the bills and that includes electricity that you know the cost of the office to rented the office. The staff which can be extensive and meet people to process insurance claims to call people about their appointments. To assist them the chairs. -- so they have a lot of expenses. And that's also it is a crisis in rural and poor areas. Because it's very hard to dentists to rationalize setting up shop in that -- report area -- a lot of people might get beyond Medicaid which is just. -- very low payment or rural areas where it is just not going to be enough patience. To justifying the expense -- a dentist have been setting up shop. Exactly Medicaid reimbursements for example are often said to be below their costs of operating. In most places in fact that's the case so even those people who would really like to help low income patients. Find that it costs them money in effect. Another factor is that. It if you bring a different kind of person into the waiting room generally speaking the lower income that person. The full -- patients tend to become a little bit uncomfortable. And so their income really can suffer. In rural areas they're just not enough patients who can -- that the cost. And so there's very little incentive for them to set took a practice in that area well and that -- safety net. Is the 58 schools across the country. That have clinics have teaching clinics but you say those are cutting back. Yet there had been a couple of schools that have opened recently put the overall trend has been for dental schools to close. Dental schools face expenses that medical schools don't have in the first couple of years dental students like medical students you know learn about -- to me in all those things in fact a lot of the classes sometimes shared. But in the third and fourth here's where they're doing their practical education the clinical education doctors go up to teaching hospitals. The dental students work in clinics that the dental schools have to pay for. And they are extremely expensive and because of this high overhead. Several prestigious schools places like Georgetown and north west and Emery have closed or dental schools. And so we're graduating a lot fewer dentist these days and in the eighties even though the population that the country's now wants -- more analysts more we're keeping -- teeth and excellent great."

" Using we have less dentists and more teeth in fact the baby boomers are going to be the first generation and to retirement with nearly all their T. Yes that's -- energy and Thomas who also has one of the reasons the cost of dental care is going up is because. There are fewer dentists and more teeth. Well we come back some imaginative ways to get more dental care to people who don't have it now. And later today how grow crops like beans and corn in the -- north eastern Arizona without irrigation. A hopi Indian families doing just that -- with the second women here and now."

" Funding for here and now comes from the math works creators of -- lab and simulate technical computing software. Dedicated to accelerating the pace of discovery in engineering and science worldwide. On the web at math works dot com."

" Welcome back we're hearing about the crisis in dental house with slate editor June Thomas Kuhn says. If he had no money and your appendix bursts hospital emergency room can help you but. If you have a serious tooth infection most emergency rooms aren't equipped to deal with that so there's no safety net and people with bad teeth can't eat healthy food dental bacteria has been linked to cardiovascular disease diabetes pneumonia premature births. And dental insurance do Thomas found that even many dentists think of it is more of a prepayment plan kind of like car payment. Because unlike other health insurance you usually pay much more out of pocket for dentistry as the procedure gets more involved. And do you say this is part of the deeper problem with dental insurance that the fact."

" That we think of it. As insurance is really kind of a problem because. You know we say well I don't have insurance I'm not gonna go to the dentist problems get worse the longer you wait. And also if you don't have your teeth cleaned -- there's more chance of a problem are rising and getting worse so I. Acting really it would help us all if we just figured that. Dentistry is something that we need to start saving -- because we're gonna have to pay for one way or another while we wait for some kind of reform by the way do you think that that's possible do you think. Given that. -- such debate about paying for medical. Care that you think dental care is gonna be on the back burner allot longer. I hope that there will be some help for children most children across the US or -- dental services and to Medicaid. If there was more funding so that the fees were higher I think can. Children could really get a lot more dental care. I do fear that this not couldn't be anything for adults in this first friend. Health care reform. While so what to do in the meantime you talk about for instance. Clinics some of them have. Federal subsidies and he's not a good idea because you spoke to dentists who are happy in fact to give up the burden of having -- practices of the Holocaust and just go work at a clinic. Absolutely it's a very attractive option for a lot of dentists who don't want the headache of being -- operatives who also don't want that debt of buying the business. The average education debt for a dental school graduates is this just a hair under -- 170 -- dollars. And so working in the clinic can be an attractive option. And it's also a great way for people to get care. People without insurance or people with Medicaid. Often feel more comfortable in -- that was in their neighborhood where they could travel to on the blows where they'd just felt. More east William mention travel on the bus the American Dental Association you right. Doesn't believe there's a shortage of dentists as much as that idea of the geographic imbalance in the basic things like. Finding a bus so waited for banks to help patients travel to counties that dentist or. Subsidize a plan to have traveling dentists. Yeah or to basically subsidize dentists who -- took practices in rulers are in on -- areas. So dental schools a federally qualified health clinics which is that fancy word for kind of neighborhood clinics that provide. Services often both medical and dental in the same building sometimes also social workers mental health provision. I think those are great options but right now they are severely underfunded well and you also talk about of the thinking. Taking more advantage of dental students -- Washington State dental association has the program but he world internship in private practice. What does that do. Yeah that follows dental students who have completed their first year of dental school and so who can. Essentially workers assistants. At two dentists in rural areas and they learn what. Small -- life is like. Most dental school graduates are not from the country and there is a sense of isolation. When they. Think about going at these rural areas while other places are required students to spend some time in rural areas you read about Delaware New York in most places in the US. -- dental school graduate can immediately going to practice. But in new York and Delaware they have to says the fifty year residency. And there has been some movement to make this compulsory around the country. And -- purging or making it compulsory perhaps. For those fifth year residents to practice in an underserved area and some people are saying well let's go further let's say. If you do that across the country will somehow tie that to paying off. Student loans that's great incentive to get new graduates practicing in areas that really need help and Arizona and at this the Arizona school of dentistry and oral health at AT still university united just -- its first class in 2003 is going further. They're teaching a community based education model to try to turn out students. Who will wanna go to underserved communities exactly community dentistry in public health dentistry is absolutely their whole focus would help the move which seems a little more controversial. To make dental hi Janice and assistants. Able to do more dental duties. Yet this is a very controversial notion that one that I think holds a lot of promise for solving the shortage of dentists. I should say this well that the ABA the American Dental Association denies that there is a shortage that. People who just can't -- dentists. Would disagree with that so in Alaska for example there's been this movement to set took a new kind of role. A dental health. Ape therapist. Usually called the and these are people who are not dentists but they are usually hygienist. Who get extra training under a latitude to certain basic dental. Procedures fillings extra actions without the direct supervision of a dentist. This is quite common around the world the first Alaska students actually study the New Zealand which has been a pioneer of this. -- 98 DA doesn't like it they believe that they're pretty should be able to see a dentist switches. Very difficult to argue with but I think a dental health therapist is certainly more attractive than not being able to see a dentist at all. Well and you -- Rico back to little twelve year old de Monte driver. -- who who died for lack of care. And it lists for lack of an eighty dollar tooth extraction that's right because in -- smothered couldn't get an appointment with a dentist for him. The state of Maryland ended up paying 250000. Dollars for his care and then --"

" The top -- that he died. For lack of an eighty dollar proceeds. Exactly slate editor June Thomas you can -- seven part series the American way dentistry by going to our website here in Canada going to -- thanks so much thank you so much. -- looking ahead tomorrow I'm here now. His most famous book is about to hit the theaters -- speaker and author Maurice Sendak about his life his art and are those wild things anyway that's tomorrow. The latest news is next here."

" Wednesday was a good day for Wall Street the Dow Jones crested passed the 10000 mark up 53%. From its march low. Traders popped champagne -- they handed out baseball caps that said 10000. But market analysts say large pension and hedge funds are behind the rally and some warning the rebound is too fast. And doesn't -- include the small investor ordinary Americans who -- the retirement accounts fall off the cliff over the past year. Jeff -- is senior editor of kiplinger's personal finance Jeff what do you think is behind this rally."

" It's professional investors large pools of money -- Have decided there's -- sick little more risk in the stock market and and other markets you know month on markets commodities were not true. Rather than leave money. In the -- current short term cash chance that are based containing no interest whatsoever."

" will be no big criticism of the current economy. Isn't there isn't enough money getting out to small businesses as a lot of money. A lot of government a money in fact but it's being bundled and sold and as sometimes in the form of mortgages on Wall Street so it's staying on Wall Street so do you think this 10000 mark. Really is an indicator of a healthier economy."

" Not totally not -- part of creditors still site. Banks have been forced to tighten their credit standards and for every packet catches some kind of program because they have cut back -- credit card balances -- raise interest rates -- been sort of make car loans and mortgages well. In other. During the same thing to business class not just small businesses file as big there's -- As a result many parents stop borrowing money from banks and -- floated bonds and all that's feeds into the fact that there's a big hunger for securities that are returning more than. And bank accounts and and cache due and that includes both stocks and bonds."

" Well I think we read that small investors have pulled billions of dollars out of stocks and put them into. Bonds would have you seen people do."

" Well I think -- right in every month. The our mutual fund industry publishes the amount of money that is coming into and leaving. Mutual funds which as you know or -- most people invest in through here. IRAs and four K so it's pretty good read on Europe and Maynard came in American actor director long terms and expressions. And air inhaling money into bond funds and even answer. Money market funds before buying just to bet anything that is seen to be safe even know. -- smart investor or experience foreign knows. When stocks are cheap and interest rates are low stocks are often safer than than bonds and I think right now. That's what we've seen now this maybe changing just as. The quote little guy in by the little I don't know how little you mean because you know there are many people have. Has remained arson in -- maybe experiment but -- meanwhile money. Problem is that many of them might attempt to do. Overdo the stock market now because of events like yesterday when they should have been in at all or they should have been gradually. Feeding money back into it. Over the last six constant two year."

" So let's get some advice from you what do you think the small investors should do now some are saying that the 10000 mark yesterday -- Have broken a psychological barrier but do you think it's wise to jump back and."

" Well it's not really wise to job but it's certainly lies to move and -- the things about. The way that people invest money these days in the system gone on a course and stadium for two days in various Canberra. This is most people I know investment regularly 400 dollars a month the year 300 -- month -- so I don't think there was too much jumping in and out. Armed and it shouldn't be on the war in has personally yeah I would spread the money around a little bit wider view the menu or mutual funds that includes some. Real estate on years of foreign stock funds or something like her arm throw money that way. But don't they're cute things not due -- don't just take every time you've gotten -- just -- because. -- market rally is really got a long way convert quicktime in two. The next time. You see headlines that say you know the stark have a bad day. That just Daryl gross and 10000 down to 92 under her looking like unless there's some particular. Reason why you need to do this."

" Picture -- output or more Jeff -- senior editor of kiplinger's personal finance Jeff thanks so much. Sure it's. Okay quick reminder. You can always listen to our program streamlined that are website here and now dot -- We can also download a podcast take us with you wherever you go here and now about war. We've second thirty seconds when we're gonna go to a hopi reservation in Arizona. To continue our farms is here and now."

" Welcome back to our series of five farms profiles of farm families across the country. Which takes -- to date to the hopi reservation in the high desert of north eastern Arizona. And the the -- of family Davis the cruise and his wife on -- and their son David. Raise corn and beans on twenty acres much the way their ancestors did a millennium ago they practice dry farming growing crops without irrigation. Our story was produced by John BUN and Camilla pocket."

" Farming -- Within a school Christmas it's number one. My rich famous Davis Davis Fred. Precise and asked him. There's plans. If this can. -- primary from actual book was second base area. Period in my grandfather's. -- from that area. Of course derision from LeRoy B. This -- area surrounded by makes us. This whole areas of tuna. I like home. No place -- home."

" Surely. Picturesque. I think it's really important -- because when he talks a disgrace to really get that heartfelt feeling. Name's David. He doesn't want this to be let go and -- to push you accident in you want someone to keep. Doing it and keep it going. Well."

" IE playing combat may be debut."

" We'll read that only one and that well take you know where. He still only one that slept twit that's hearing keeps going out there in. Piece bucket gave him a piece south land. We have two other boys who had gone. And I doubt if they'll have come -- but -- too."

" Rather they live in Phoenix now and you know -- got to couriers and their families and and today what it -- being a Stewart where half or half hoping half pima and we -- he's done. And and that feeling that we're not really a part of something. Did change to prolong life sentence in sight seeing these dedicated that we can."

" Well I have bone -- John -- in accounting with -- would try. Pretty much like case and a workaholic and stay with my divine. Being and being told to nation. I AE UC don't tell my kids you know stay home do these you know I just let them do their own home cooking as long as they're. Responsible people. I'm if you would care choices. What they're doing that."

" We have -- and we let my team. House. Quarter past ten years that has been my way of me keep my news being that cook. I ask my career working kitchens and payless in Phoenix were right maybe about five years. And didn't -- right feet for some reason. And I want to come home. We've always done farming ever since -- could remember. So I really dove into farming and treat -- understand. You know what it is to. Take camping every game he -- that in a lot of things that I didn't think I paid attention to going. It was -- bay in new do you really knowing that there is needed to recall the obese -- these teachings that and expect come back. And that things are we finding out that game that. Idea to have that information you mean he could -- these teams. But this."

" I'm very mania."

" Voice that."

" are willing to -- into it now."

" I don't think it's. Agree totally blown away. This is part of royal line."

" just become skittish. But there'll always be core. That's been my whole life it's just -- I understand my cuts that this might place. Here you know it's that if someone that's not a -- who. They're really seeing how it goes with the lifestyle and really change -- makes sense that if the whole thing is there reason why -- born here. Doing these things. Yeah but that's -- has. Really. Putting in place for me."

" All right you guys on me through I think if you if you. Improved blew -- corn there -- yours blue -- at. And or -- I'll light -- vineyard deals and you're going duke blue at that the Russian jail. He got to Clinton then who went like play."

" Davis David and almost a -- and farm and hopi reservation in northeastern Arizona our series of five farms. Is a production of Wesley corner productions and the center for documentary studies at Duquesne university and."

" we have a little time for your calls and letters. -- area of capital -- California wrote after our explainer on the plan to securitize life insurance policies now. People have long sold their policies to make quick cash. But now Wall Street is hoping to bundle and trade them because the younger policyholders. Are when they -- the more money traders may well Selene writes. That's -- great these same Wall Street types fully sure we don't get health care more of us who will die early. And these new instruments will prove to be worth their AAA ratings -- com. Many view attached our conversation with Margaret mosque a legendary camera woman who's faced wars and is now battling cancer. Wendy -- at 21 year old college student in North Carolina writes. I was making luncheon here and now in the background. It's been a really long time since I felt as inspired and driven as I was listening to her story. It made me feel great. Thank you. And the Garcia of Las Vegas, Nevada wrote after a report on the for a New Hampshire teens who allegedly went on a murderous rampage. And I took issue -- my describing them as children she writes. They knew exactly that they were doing and should be held responsible if found guilty there isn't anything in their actions to associate them with the word children. And soon Broder wrote after her conversation with Lucy ferrous who'd come to an uneasy truce with her sons gambling soon rights. Is illegal to gamble under the age of 21 are the online gambling rules different. While the legal age for gambling varies in some states it's as young as sixteen but in Nevada it's 21. As for gambling online Lucy says if you can't do it in a casino in your location you can't do it on line."

" Finally we recently featured the guitar sounds of -- going Gabriela whose new album is called 1111 referring to the eleventh artist they pay a much too but we wondered. Why their online chatter about people who see 1111. On the clock. And take time to make a wish but -- Shapiro from Sharon Massachusetts had the answer."

" Because. Although one look like birthday candles. And nothing really creepy here it's the old Nicholas."

" We'd love to hear from you just go to cure now dot org and click on contact us. -- can remain here."

" It's an unlikely friendship and off white stray dog and an 8700. Pound Asian elephant."

" And that's -- the elephant talking to her friend. Bella the dog they met at the elephant sanctuary in Tennessee in life was good and then -- of the dog got hurt and carry the elephants stood rooted to one spot waiting to year which TP OK I'm getting ahead of myself. The story of their loyalty is already a YouTube sensation. And now Carol Buckley co-founder president and executive director of the elephant sanctuary in home -- Tennessee. Tells -- again in the new children's book -- and bella the elephant and -- who became best friends. And Carroll joins us from the sanctuary -- I just gonna ask first about the sound we just heard from -- the elephant it sounds like she's barking like --"

" All elephant talk like. Well all elephants speak but I've never heard another elephant that sounds so much like a parking dot -- perhaps this explains a lot I mean who underbelly. Which attracted these bridges thinks it's an odd doesn't look like a dog but. Sounds like and I think. Tell us a little bit about the background here the sanctuary will start in what was."

" Tar is ruled there. But the sanctuary started in 1995 and Tara. Is the reason the sanctuary exist I met -- when she was a one year old baby. Newly captured and brought in from southeast Asia and she was living in California in the back to the delivery track on exhibit at a tire store. Now between you and meeting her in the back of that truck which sounds awful at a tire store. And the sanctuary. She was an entertainer she was in the movie and -- appeared on television she was in Little House on the Prairie. Was this close she was in your care because we know now you're very much against animals as entertainers. She was in my care. All that time and we were partners. And it was as results of performing in circuses. That taught me over time that this was. Not what was best for Tara -- elephant living in captivity could tell us about that wouldn't you -- told it was good for her. These animals are migratory naturally they walk you know thirty to fifty miles every day. And she didn't have access to the vast space to just wandered. And then of course I was not meeting her needs by -- greener separated from other elephants she was not allowed to develop that close and social bonds that elephants do so restart the sanctuary and she's the first elephant there. -- other elephants come from circuses that -- underneath. And you start to see something happen you talk about these animals being so social. And you start to see them pair off the tyrant doesn't pair up. It's interestingly enough she is very comfortable around other elephants she interacts with them touch is -- naps with them. But what I noticed was that she didn't attach yourself to just one other elephant. No instead she attached herself to one dog who named -- Bill was a strain. -- was a stray now. It was just probably two or three months after she arrived that one day. I'm looking through our observation cameras in the habitat and I see Tara lying on her side sleeping. I saw bella and fellow walked over close to -- That circle two or three times in the tall grass and she just plop yourself down and went to sleep for an -- The beginning of a beautiful friendship. Because they became inseparable doing everything again. Miller will -- excitedly and then -- gently brushed her -- the cost aside to make sure her best friends okay I'm reading from your book. The entire I would chatter and trumpet in response they -- to talk to each other but one day. You can't find. The island -- dog. -- see Tara standing in one place where did you discover. We -- scanned the area drove around. See if we could find ballot and didn't see her. And the reason that we couldn't see her is that she was in a depression. In the ground. And there was a log. In front you find don't you realize she's had a severe -- spinal cord injury and she's carried up to the sanctuary barn to recuperate. And -- it true that Tara remained standing staring at the path. That you drove away with -- just stood there. She stayed in the exact location where bella had been found two days it's like apparently her limit and -- Came back to the bar and see what had happened with -- well and here I mean this is the scene that's on YouTube and of course it's in the book as well. She's outside the recovery room. And bella sentenced he's there bell is very injured can't go out that bella starts whining and squirming in Tarrant outside experts. Chattering and doing I mean day one to seek to. Absolutely was unmistakable and so of course right away one of the caregivers went up and said oh well we have to pick bella and take redundancy -- She stood there and let Tara touch all over her -- and when you're trying to with her trunk. And this is -- elephants do with each other to make sure that everything's okay they're very tacked on they use their trunk just dissents. And make sure that everything's fine. --"

" The end of the story is that bella did recover she -- a little bit that they now still nap together and played together. One question for you I UN all concerned because we wondered how could she get injured in the first place -- these extraordinary pictures. Of -- of the elephant lifting her -- time and tree trunk flicked over -- she's on the ground and keeping it safely above her. But we wondered do you worry that that needy is -- The dog was injured and shouldn't be together."

" The notes an important question to ask and that's the first thing that we wanted to know and when the veterinarian. Examine balance and X -- her. The first thing he told doses that there was no blunt force trauma and he said that means that she wasn't stepped on hit thrown. And I said well then how could she sustained this injury to her spine and he said twisting most likely while she was running or may be jumping. So then we went back to the location where we found ballot and weeks what we saw was. A huge fallen tree and then beyond that tree a depression in the ground covered by tall grass. So if fellow was chasing something. And she went to jump over that log and then found herself in midair with no ground underneath her she could have twisted that way and cause an injury."

" Well Carol Buckley of course Hollywood came calling this is such an incredible story. And you could have. Gotten a lot of money to let Hollywood make a film maybe even with -- and -- you turn to count why. What we've said is create an animated piece and then you don't have to do. Higher elephants even if it's not tar and balance the lifestyle that an elephant has to live to do studio work. Is a lifestyle that is not really can't be considered healthy for elephants. And if we bring into captivity they should be given an environment where they can. Live out their natural behaviors with other elephants. And that we benefit by knowing that we've given them good life. Carol thank you so much thank you I appreciate it."