Title: Here and Now for Thursday, October 29, 2009

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" UB UR Boston in association with the BBC world service and PRI. I'm Robin Young it's here and now today's Detroit Free Press reports that most Michigan hospitals. Have received far fewer swine flu vaccine doses then ordered. But in Texas officials in the Houston area say there's so much swine flu vaccine. They can now loosen restrictions on just who gets it well yesterday top Obama administration officials acknowledged problems with production. Of the vaccine and they reported 351 schools in nineteen states closed last week alone. With widespread outbreak now in 46 states let's check in with doctor William Shatner and infectious disease expert at the Vanderbilt medical center in Tennessee. In Philadelphia this week for the annual meeting of the infectious disease society of America how timely that to -- let's start there is this what everyone's talking about."

" Oh Robin you can be sure everyone is talking about that they're comparing notes about how extensive the outbreak is in very different communities and how every institution. Is coping yeah. And they are all wondering where is the vaccine. Some folks have vaccines some little -- still expecting --"

" was sitting reports today that. The manufacturers had promised that there would be certain doses in and they kept cutting back on. How much they can actually achieve and the Obama administration is being criticized for over promising. But Tom Lyons -- health specialists here in Boston writes an outfit today in the Boston Globe saying. The problem is in the way we make vaccines we make them from hands and eggs and the effort should be in the future. Are being put into changing the way we actually make the vaccine."

" Well I think we go to caught everyone a little bit of slack. The virus grows -- slowly and takes this particular strain and that has been the major problem with production. Looking forward the companies and the Food and Drug Administration are looking at. New ways to produce influenza vaccine there's been more research into influenza vaccine in the last five years and has been in the previous fifty."

" Well let's talk about the vaccines that are out there many are finding out that there are different forms and not everyone can take them for instance the nasal injection the most common form. Who can't take that."

" Well let's say who 101. Every one caged. Com to up until their fiftieth birthday who otherwise healthy as eligible for the nasal spray vaccine but that does mean. That people who have underlying illnesses particularly asthma. -- you know compromised. Cannot take that vaccine."

" But we understand to a pregnant women can't take in the -- had --"

" Women should not take -- basal and that's correct they should get the injectable vaccine and injectable supplies are. But arriving as we speak."

" And while some towns are clamoring. For the vaccine. Some schools are finding that parents are opting out the New York Times reports today that in New York City. In once school only thirty kids have permission slips parents -- quoted saying they're not sure that it's safe. So we have several questions here first of -- is the swine flu vaccine as tested for safety as let's say an ordinary flu vaccine."

" Actually yes there are different people with different impressions but these swine flu vaccine is tested just as rigorously effect more so. Then -- regular seasonal vaccine to think of it. We give over ninety million doses of regular seasonal influenza vaccine annually this must be the safest vaccine that we use and the H1N1 vaccine is produced exactly the same."

" Another thing appeared to quoted saying is well my child had swine flu last spring so their immune now is that true."

" That would be true if the parent news definitively. To child that's why it's a child were not tested. Then we wouldn't be sure and we certainly would recommend that choppy action."

" Can still do overall if so many parents do opt out an Emory University study of flu shots in Japan. Concluded that -- 50% of kids are vaccinated. The entire community risk drops by two thirds."

" of course well. If it's children don't get vaccinated stage and as individuals remain susceptible to disease and the spread of the virus and can continue in the community."

" Well and got a chef there you say this is all the buzz at the infectious disease society of America meeting that your act. So put this in context for us we hearing over 300 schools closed widespread outbreaks put that in context how serious is that in your mind."

" Well we are having a serious influenza outbreak right now this is very usual time of the year. We should take advantage of the vaccine when it -- the swine flu virus is getting. Active in many parts of the country and is just gaining speed I think we are going to see continued transmission. School closings throughout this month and -- to November."

" Well of course we spoke before this program about this issue we've been told that one of the sciences if the child in particular field. Very very sick and feel a little bit better and then has severe respiratory problems and you may turn a little bluish. Under the -- that are on their fingers mean they're just not getting oxygen forcing you know these terrible reports have. People being put into induced Comas and be put on respirators. How often does that happen. And what should people do what's the first thing that they should do we're we're hearing that immediately. You should try to get Tamiflu so if he'd give us a little advice."

" We should put campuses that. Pregnant women and people with underlying illnesses -- asthma diabetes heart -- lung disease. They should have a relationship with their positions such -- the moment they become sick they call their physician and can begin treatment. Others should do them monetary themselves and their patients very very carefully and if there's any sort of to turn for the worse immediately seek medical attention because anti viral treatment is available."

" doing shaft and infectious disease expert at the Vanderbilt medical center in Nashville Tennessee be speaking to us. From the infectious disease society of America annual meeting taking place renowned Philadelphia so doctor -- after thanks for taking the time. We're trying thank you."

" Americans. We think of ourselves as frontiers been willing to pull up stakes in cross oceans and continents. For new opportunities in a better life whether like covered wagon Norton jet plane. But our next guest says in reality and becoming far less nomadic. Consider that in the 1970s as many as one in five Americans moved every year. By 2006 it was one in seven now that sounds like a lot but it's the smallest number since the Census Bureau started tracking movement back in 1940. And that trend has really accelerated in recent years as houses are tougher to selling job harder to find to move to. Something else may be going on. One of the conversation David economist and John the fragile cock and who calls this the new localism he's a presidential fell in urban studies that. Urban futures rather at Chapman university and author of the upcoming book the next hundred million Americans and 2050. He joins us from the studios of KPCC in Pasadena California. Until welcome. Nice to be here and you're something -- an historian an urban historian of how we move about and where we live. You -- that nothing 21 century America's going to be as surprising. As our new saddle miss and -- yeah surprising because we we you know we've been long told. There were bowling alone were traveling in our own little iPods. Society undermined by a you know mobility social racing."

" I think there are several things going on one major factories -- simply getting older and demographers basically knows that as people get older they actually move less often. Let them -- move up hope picking up his son birds and moving to the cells. Well I think it's been very interesting is that there's somewhat less of that than there was before. People are. On the finding other places to go arm or in many cases are staying home the one of the interesting things you see for instance in suburbs now. Is people are aging in place of this idea that well you know when she turned 55 and your kids round of the house you know you'd. Grow pony tail get -- move downtown. That probably isn't really have very much time and if you got almost any -- the older suburban community you'll see a lot of people in the 60s70s. Even eighties holding on to their houses. Because that's where they are that's where their kids come to visit. That's where -- churches that's where their roots are. And so I think that we really had this idea that everybody was gonna move out at age sixty either into the Sunbelt or maybe move. Into the urban core. And although many do. Fewer than weeks."

" Not to attract insects birds play a big role in your thinking we don't know that the jobs have been moving to the suburbs to these big office parks. But that's for many people are all also staying and working from home telecommuting. One in ten. In the San Francisco Bay Area and LA already doing it and you quoted demographer. Saying that in the future so many people going to be working electronically at home full time on the Internet. Rather than taking mass transit that it's going to be an enormous energy saving."

" Or I think it's probably the great. Certainly environmental opportunity of the next ten to twenty years as people working. Full time or part time at home or being able to work closer to where they live and I think. That's another big trend of people -- really interest and in. Trying to figure out ways that they can accommodate their personal. Life with their work life you know the last hundred years is really historical exception -- week. Accepted the idea that we would spend a long period of time commuting by car bus. Or train to work. Actually -- through most of history people didn't go very -- to work on. Of course they initially they had to walk. And I think -- receive more more people doing that full time part time I think you're gonna see a lot of that -- With young families particularly on women who were in the workforce and then they wanna go back to work work part time. But they would be much better for them if much of the time they did the work from home."

" Great and ended they're gonna be less willing to uproot the family. As to climb the corporate ladder that's gonna have an impact on the corporate world but how else does this affect us this fact that we're. Not gonna face. The kind of social fragmentation that you writer Robert Putnam wrote about you bowling alone. Or. And that Vance Packard wrote about you you quote him in his 1972 best seller nation of strangers this idea that instead we're going back to community. Look at what what kind of communities are gonna look like."

" Why I think community is going to come in a lot of shapes and in the United States is vastly diverse country. But I think you'll see that will be communities for instance that our. In some cases that they will be tied together by their strong religious. -- sensibility in other cases it will be cultural and other senses there will be cause I rural and some areas it will be very urban. But whether you're in Brooklyn or Grand Forks, North Dakota this idea that your community really matters at this is a huge part of your life. Thank you shop and do things in your community I think is going to be increasingly. Something that will be at this center of people's lives and I think it's a the very exciting development both environmentally but I would even say more importantly socially -- that. The event that may god can I mean I just think that that's socially people. Will be on in their communities they won't be wasting an hour I'm going to and from work the way they had been. And so in many ways we'll have more time to participate in community activities whether there of -- in in terms of promoting the environmental working and in a church or or helping with the kids who have fought. I have problems in school. And I think this is the only way that a country is going to have a hundred million more people is going to be able to function environmentally and socially we we have to sort of we are doing to this different -- and and you'll thank goodness I think we have this -- technology which allows that to happen and promotes that happening."

" Well another thing that might be having an impact is the economy although the Commerce Department announced today the recession is over and -- If you're feeling that where you are but obviously the economy factors in this into this as well and you say the new localism is very good for local economies people. And spending more time at their local restaurants. Going into local places as opposed to feeling that they have to reach outside the urban just torrential cocky in talking about why Americans. -- become less willing to move and what that means for us we'll take a look we come back and what it means in the area of politics more about what it means in business. And what about what it means in some cities like Kansas City he says hey you already got big it's getting had a great city why are you trying to turn it into. Another kind of city -- more about that after minute break here now."

" Funding for here and now comes from the math works creators of -- lab and simulate technical computing software. Dedicated to accelerating the pace of discovery in engineering and science worldwide. On the web at math works dot com."

" Welcome back to our conversation and urban historian Joe Cox can. We've been speaking with him about his recent essay for Newsweek and we -- analyzes several trends to find that after decades of frantic mobility and homogenization. We receive we seeing a return to place and is still look like -- the right placements."

" Place the Shiites. I think it's really something that you see at all sorts of places I mean for its I was just in Mobile, Alabama. And they're taking a tremendous amount of pro right now -- in their history their rebuilding their downtown. A bomb and in that they are going in restoring -- their old buildings. I falling almost every place that there's a sense of a usable past the front of an identity with the -- I also find this interestingly enough. Our inner city like Los Angeles which you think it is the epitome of a place that is placed last. And yet what you find as many neighborhoods now are designating themselves a special areas. Up people or are rediscovering neighborhood shopping -- districts where and when I first came to LA in 1975. It just seemed like one almost seamless. Area of development with very little distinctive yes and I think that distinctive this is becoming more and more important to people whether it's. On Long Island or in neighborhoods in Brooklyn or and -- it here in Los Angeles. -- a great sense of of identity. With the place that you live in and and this it is really -- quite a strong factor almost every city I go to."

" Well but you have a caution for at least one did you just came back from the Kansas City area. And and you say that this is a place. -- Kansas City is in what you call a zone of sanity this is a swathe of the country he say it starts somewhere in Texas and runs through much of the great plains. Where what it's just more sane for people. Stable."

" Well I think basically can't use the terms on -- Saturday because they didn't have the crazy housing bubble. And so although their priorities -- Yeah I mean there were there relatively few for closure if you do a foreclosure map you'll see. Is almost the only a few areas that had high levels of foreclosures. You didn't have the boom bust cycle that you had let's say in Arizona Nevada California. Or again. And to some extent in the northeast as well. So. That's part of the sanity and it's a place where the cost of living is much lower. On the economy's been generally more stable. And with the quality of life -- in a place like Kansas and it was just their recently. What is surprisingly good on there it is good urban amenities of their very pleasant suburbs."

" Where they are not surprised did not -- polygamy lung of Kansas City but you say. You know their of people there who want it to be something else something more like a great coastal city you're saying. They're wasting money on projects to make themselves. Into another city can give -- example that."

" Well it's a kind of you know locker room -- that goes on with a lot of -- civic -- mistake while they've got light -- we have to have light rail. All of the what they have to have no big Condo development downtown we have to have it and the fact of the matter is that the new cities will will evolve organically. There have been some very nice urban developments that have taken place organically in Kansas City. And it sometimes when you artificially try to create a sort of hip cool urban buzz. You actually disrupt that bad very organic growth that was already taking place. And basically SA why to people moved to Kansas City you know and they are moving there they are moving they are moving their growth via. And the reason is basically affordability. On certainly in the areas outside of the city itself -- a place called Johnson County on -- was very recently and of course supporting Kansas. One of the highest percentages of educated people in the country very low crime rate. Very strong economy. People go there too liberal lifestyle that if they were doing this in a suburb of Boston that was similar or New York or LA. It would be 234 times more expensive. So people understand that there are some very great values in these communities -- But there's always going to be a group who. One when pressed for their friends who visit from New York without understanding that what's most impressive are the things that authority there."

" In fact and it -- we started his conversation with your whole thesis that people aren't moving as much they are. Finding much to love right where they are by an astonishing number actually staying in place. And you know one of the problems of the evaluating cities is that you know people make the lists of looking at. What the best in the worst that they look at the wrong things what are they looking at."

" Why I think too many analysts don't will get a affordability. Quality of life is something that that is affordable and -- we -- of people if if I can take my house in the San Fernando Valley and put it on the corner of you know 74 in Central Park west. I can take that deal but there's no way I could ever afford that if I moved to New York. I'm really talking about may be exchanging of pleasant thousands San Fernando Valley for. A one bedroom Condo in a not very nice area. So I think that is the first all of the affordability then the question of isn't a place that not just when you're in your twenties and thirties and early thirties is great. But -- will be a good place when you're in your forties and fifties. Those factors of of we go through different periods of our lives. What areas are able to accommodate a stronger and then if you take a look at its surveys of what are mattered to people. Usually find things like privacy. Security. I'm right at the top of the list -- do people want to be able to walk to a my shopping district sure they do. And if they can get that with privacy security and space that'll do it. Com and opponents are going well I just at the places that are very expensive all of those that provide all those things some sort for a bumper."

" is here fit into that we have -- I had this idea of the new localism the fact that remorse settled that people are looking for different things that will keep them in a place rather something that will. Move them out just a few seconds we have how does this change that we look at politics."

" Why fingering a sort of strange period in American politics -- previous administration -- of them are pretty bad -- And that -- was an immediate need and a desire for Washington to come and help solve certain problems. But I think if you go longer term. I think that the people in America are profoundly local and would like to solve their problems. As much as possible on the local level. And to have democracy be closer to them as opposed to further away."

" He's a local politics will be even more important than ever that some her minister Angel cock and about why Americans are moving less. He told think is so much for giving us this snapshot of where we are aware we're staying put actually shall thank you. Thank you very much his upcoming book the next hundred million Americans in 2050. He's also executive editor of new geography. Dot com chickened out here now."

" Support for here and now comes from the listeners of WBUR Boston where the program is produced. Hinckley Allen and Snyder were partners have been giving clients practical legal advice for over a hundred years throughout new England and now including Connecticut online it has -- dot com. And the Institute of Contemporary Art on Boston's waterfront presenting the work of a diverse range of contemporary artists performers and more. Ice CA Boston dot org."

" Secretary of state Hillary Clinton faced a crowd of skeptical university students at the government college in Lahore Pakistan today. It's a trip designed to shore up the US image but that's a tough sell. Students suggested the US is forcing Pakistan to use military force on its own country. Clinton said Pakistan has no choice."

" The terrorists are a small but deadly group must be defeated because otherwise. They put so much of what has been worked for for so many years at risk."

" The questions from the students today reflect a growing wave of anti American sentiment in Pakistan. The BBC's -- my apple has this report from Islamabad."

" Well it's. Okay."

" No -- and beats Pakistan's largest religious party jamaat. He's getting another press conference in his coup America go to war."

" Americans aren't that this that this country this society should trees and try to keep it. Let's say that then nukes. And economic group and remembers about as dominant in secure hands unseat. So some international setting Richard you made from that United Nations are coming so there aren't. It -- right Pakistani problem. Its nuclear program."

" Once -- goes on stoke anger as American drone strikes in Pakistan's tribal areas that it planned expansion of the US embassy in Islamabad. It is not just Islamist politicians. You've been part of this -- wave of anti Americanism."

" This letter from underneath us article governor talk this out on the meet up if you look at how that have. McCain this cloud -- Clinton can't go to capitol to own GMT the -- is one of the most influential used to auctions in the country. Spruced -- with -- it's been accused of fueling anti Americanism booed by the Stein is an de America. The Paul -- the inflection and on the middle of bugs and exactly."

" Animosity towards the US seems to increase since congress passed a bill widely known as the carry you -- Which promises massive injection of aid to Pakistan but with conditions attached which many here feel or reasonable. From the media says it's not his job to defend it."

" This it could -- your friends but. To getting a little bit they are blank ruled on board the won't -- assigned -- this gift so this is the feeling and buck stops and it's very easy for me. You'll become the darling of watching don't know the darling of the US investor but then I've had become a villain forego my viewers and the common people in --"

" Washington says its agreement is meant to strengthen ties and help Pakistan deal with its considerable -- threat. So terrifically apparent in the recent series of attacks right across the country. We'll just a few steps away it is precisely this book will last week the suicide bomber blew himself up. Just at the entrance of the pills cafeteria here at the Islamic university in Islamabad now some of the women. Students are returning here laying flowers lights and candles leaving messages for those who died. He was the ton of them that claimed responsibility for that attack that's not with the students' anger is being directed."

" Is locked up -- and it is just wanted to ask these aren't even that I illustrating and I. Guidelines are not spreading and these kind of David is that you can and then it was. Elites and we have no and he defended him any good thank you like sweeping does that. And in that is doing it to me on these things."

" box and he's got an emotional mr. Murphy is the head of the Americas department. The institute of strategic studies and -- slow but he says blaming America for the country's ills is the easy way out."

" The Americans that don't interest they did they have their notched an interest and it demo link and in terms of securing go to those interest. I would not be in the Americans -- and I would not -- name."

" Americans fought our shortcomings. Because some of them have been on creations."

" Much of the resentment towards the US stems from an historic feeling. The America uses Pakistan when it wants an abandoned that the feeling is strong once again. But the White House is investing heavily in this crucial international relationship. Knowing that the stakes the -- calling for it to fail."

" The BBC's of the -- ruled in Islamabad Pakistan. But take a second look ahead tomorrow I'm hearing now when Roseanne cash was eighteen her dead Johnny gave her list of songs. He thought she should know now she's recorded some fun to see."

" Tomorrow Rosanne Cash on the list you're listening to hear him. The second woman writer ever hired -- late night with -- and David Letterman is speaking out. No school bell said she never had a relationship with Letterman that when other staffers did. In -- something she now knows that the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission calls sexual favoritism. Which can produce a hostile work environment demean other women. And no lights that's pretty much how she felt in fact when Letterman asked her why she was leaving the show she said she could even talent because one of his rumored girlfriends was within earshot. We're all familiar with the hullabaloo over Letterman's revelation that he had office affairs and in the victim of an alleged extortion plot. But now -- else the bill says she'd like to shift the focus from the bedroom to the writers' room where there are far too few women. Her article appears on vanity fair's web sites since she's become a veteran T writer working on shows like monk and CN AS and Murphy Brown. And mills -- joins us from California first of all why decide to write about this."

" Well first of all I've been a journalist -- started in that field and and I blog for Vanity Fair on a weekly basis that that's my home it's -- my homes since 1988. So it was -- very strange. At the journalistic I'm myself with inside knowledge of the story and I agonize. Over. What it is stepped forward you know people think I'm cashing in item -- that more. I would from a normal blog and people pick -- after fame and I'm a writer the last thing I want -- for anyone to notice these cells."

" You're seeing other people talk about it and -- lit a second I I think I can add something to this."

" Well exactly that they would have opinions and I was kind of sitting on these these facts that. At first I decided I wasn't going to do it and then it just nagged at me and you know it's so. Pretentious but I did have this feeling that I needed to bear witness. And in fact give it some historical perspective I was there. In 1990 it was the year before it in meeting held hearings. Which raised the consciousness of sexual harassment in the workplace and settle at. At the time I didn't think that's what was going on I just what this place is dysfunctional. And I just wanna -- didn't. I'm not being allowed to do that in a way that makes me comfortable."

" Well you point out in the article that there are people like Barbara Walters saying well you know. -- of an annoying but it wasn't necessarily sexual harassment and when you read or maybe it is because of this subset the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission says that. This sexual favoritism somebody you know being close of the -- to consider having a relationship. Can lead to a hostile work environment. And create an atmosphere demeaning to women is you -- and you -- young much younger you weren't quite sure what was going on around -- but does that sort of define how you felt."

" Actually issued -- sexual harassment and that doesn't have time. How I felt completely but there's also the fact there's an aspect and what I was trying to address is the sexism. That is still prevalent today and was back then in the article I talk about it. Only been seven female writers in the 27 year history of the show. Beirut melt writers have been -- twenty years the longest the woman's -- lasted was."

" Well I'll remember back in 2003 Emmy Awards that Jon Stewart show won for writing that when they were. I'm showing the nomination -- they named all the writers they were all white men and went. -- accepted the award he -- he said. He built diversity was the most important element of -- writing staff even you know as he was who -- all these white males. So this at least some acknowledgment. That this is an issue do you think there's an acknowledgment by the men the hosts of these shows the men on the shows that it's a problem."

" Does that mean I'm sure if you ask them every single one of them would say oh we loved to have. Female writers in the room and for me I go back to the Alan Brady show cryptic and -- and there -- Sally Rogers keep it up with buddy and rob and even back then Alan Brady 13 of his writers were female. And you know I grew up watching that and I wanted to be Sally Rogers and part of what I'm saying it's not only should there be females in the writers' room because you. But he shouldn't deny opportunities. To an entire class of people but it will make the -- funny here."

" Little bit -- you put up that she went on to work I'm shows like the sitcom coach still the only female in the writers' room but the atmosphere was respectful. Isn't out late night TV in the constant sort of you know how can we be as. Seventeen year old as we can possibly VP you know in order to get that material out is there's something about the nature of the material in late night that is may be part of this problem."

" I think if someone goes back to the hosts but you know I know women who right hard jokes I know women who -- very abstract jokes. What are advocating is that you have a variety. All viewpoints and senses of humor and that's really how you get the funniest product."

" We -- late night TV executives compensate women don't apply for --"

" Well they they don't and the same numbers than men do and that's one of the reasons I'm stepping forward is to. Show can be done and part of my hope is that they will reach out a little bar and I'm not talking affirmative action station lowered their standards. But that doesn't mean they can reach out and encourage."

" When you read one of the problems is that the current white male writers recommend their funny way male friends to be future -- know writers in sort of a close circle. One of the problems and we wanna know to you the second writer and think the first do you mean Merrill Marco."

" Great narrow market and he didn't. She invented yet they're still doing on the show and did a good example I think how the height of the show was this collaboration. Between and a limited the female sensibility but it was the sensibility about the lying twit -- now. And days brilliance as a comedian. Those kind of collaborations. Are very possible."

" Well Merrill Marco and David -- former girlfriend and as you say former head writer there were a team. She has the funniest line after the scandal she wrote on her blog. G and gave told me I was the only when he -- But informed."

" She'd you know Larry it then you know. We're friendly but her experience is very different from mine actually have to show because she came into over the personal relations."

" this has been difficult for use some people have been already been very critical."

" They're the real fight club mentality and you know that you don't talk about -- and I didn't for nineteen years and I wouldn't has that there haven't in this. Spotlight on the issue it quakers have the concept -- speaking truth to power. And I'm like strict quicker operating compelled me now I. But I have been thinking a lot about 22. State island and I hope something positive. Can come out of it and not just too late night but. I look at the Tonight Show I'm looking to jay leno's show I mean there are eighteen male writers on the Jay Leno show. When jay took over the 10 o'clock spot he disproportionately. Displaced women who are writing on those drops that's. And I just thought someone to call attention to that."

" Mills Cavallo thanks so much now for speaking -- now veteran television writer that was the second female writer on the David Letterman sound and he's urging their being more female writers in late nineteen them changing atmosphere. The -- thoughts on this learning on the program just could hear now that org and click on contact."

" I know I've mentioned here that my -- an actor's name is John Savage he played Steven in the iconic 1978 film the deer hunter. Forgive me for mentioning in again but it has to do their next story. When they were making that film my brother would tell me about a beautiful but sad story playing out behind the scenes. How one of the actors was dying of lung cancer how his girlfriend a lovely new actors I never heard of was devoted to scare which sometimes carry him up and down their apartments steps incredible act of that actor it was John -- his girlfriend Merrill's street."

" Meaning this is great in the deer hunter but being in a movie it's like the smallest part of the tricky. Part of that landscape. Of our lives I mean it was really. Tough and nobody really knew whether these protocols would work. We were always very very very hopeful. Everything worked out well."

" It didn't junk is -- died at 42 before deer hunter was released. And the new documentary reminds us that even though he died so young his legacy includes pivotal roles in five of the best films of his generation all of them. Oscar nominees or winners."

" My coach. You don't come to Las Vegas and powerful man like -- green light."

" Atlanta as you well -- do well is that -- yeah. I thought did parenthood -- OK I'm a little bit."

" John -- I stand in the conversation with -- Pacman Sal in Dog Day Afternoon stocks in the deer hunter. And frayed -- in god father went into a role he was so identified with that many people thought Frito was his name. But now they will know his name and know just how much his fellow actors felt he was responsible for their success. And the success of those films. Thanks to the new documentary I knew it was you director Richard Shepard joins us from the studios of NPR west in Culver City Richard welcome thanks for that to be here and I'm so glad you made this film. Some of us feel you know so overdue. But what -- people at Merrill Streep Alpa -- Robert De Niro. Say when you ask them to be --"

" I think the reason he was so beloved and everything up the chino and Robert De Niro Meryl Streep wanted to talk to us. With that he was the consummate. Character actor is the reason these people wanted to keep working with him because he -- our."

" They're game he and actors like Philip Seymour Hoffman Steve Buscemi who also worked just fanatic and Mario fans of as John can sell a -- copilot who directed him of course in the godfather let's remind ourselves. Of his role as freedom freedom of course. The oldest and weakest of the Korean Brothers who -- betraying his brother Michael played by Alpa chino. Before he doesn't there's that iconic scene in godfather two they both as sort of a lakeside house in a room. Overlooking the water mostly in silhouettes Michael standing hands in pocket Frito slouch back in a chair almost writing let's listen."

" Rose to care. Taken care -- me. -- And you take care of me. -- right up until they said -- a lot to do that. That's right take care some -- nightclub somewhere. Said Fred don't pick somebody up to the explore."

" in my I was at the weapons. Yeah I --"

" Richard shepherd he had their respective all of his fellow actors. He is in mail accounts was also you know every strong person where did he get that. Deep a vulnerability."

" It's really hard to play a weak character correctly. And one of the things -- as I was able to do. Was play weakness without sort of winking at the audience that secretly he was a strong actor and a lot of times you'll see performances -- playing week that you know the actor kinda wants you to know deep down. He's a strong guy he's a leading man. And -- never did that he never wanted to show that other layer. So he went so deep in his roles that he would just lose himself and really become that character so he's almost unrecognizable. From movie to movie yet he's an odd looking guy and once you know to look for him like -- with the same guy that. There's nothing about -- at the bank robbery in Dog Day Afternoon is a strong scary. Weird guy. There's nothing about him that's like afraid -- this week you know sad man."

" So that we can keep track us to do -- speaks I think. To see if we can't clean."

" Which schools teach him that -- they do I'm not -- dinner. I do believe in keeping bounces here and -- was still go yes can go. About."

" John because -- Al Pacino pairing up again as the tragic bank robbers stuck in their own hostage taking situation in the 1975 film Dog Day Afternoon yet. He just a scary character but. We don't injects humor here's another scene the chino asks can cells character question."

" He can understand so. If we leave the country is now coming back. Experienced patient -- treatment Coke and I don't mean. -- It's their country."

" This -- take care."

" Richard we learning your film that was completely analyst."

" When we were editing the film we were looking at that clipping you can just see that the -- the choice of whether he's gonna lap or whether he's gonna keep going in the seen any chooses to keep going. And he was such a smart actor that he didn't go and make that line funny enough hop hop sort of way he played itself straight and sat. That it actually has. A lot of meaning to it and that with the type of actor he was."

" Well and we have to come in on the deer hunter. Jack seller of a group of friends from Pittsburgh living through Vietnam and what it does to their crowd. And -- your film that junk sell almost in get this part he'd been diagnosed with cancer at this point he was a liability but Merrill Streep. Shares of theory that she has about Robert De Niro scrolling getting junk -- in the film."

" De Niro and Michael to -- wanted has Allen film and they couldn't get him insurance funded for the film couldn't get him insured because he was really sick he was dying and Merrill she tells us that Robert Dinara sort of put his own money opt to insure that if god forbid he were to -- while they were shooting. They have enough money to re shoot those scenes with another actor and that's a pretty unbelievable. Thing to do and sort of a testament I think to about the near our -- sort of I think that regard they all had about this actor."

" 31 years since junk is out night. He helped push all these movies to Oscar nominations he never got one."

" It is really a shame. Certainly the godfather two I think it is his performances extraordinary and I know than anyone who loves that that movie would would agree with me."

" Here's a quiet moment from that film -- go fishing with a little boy remembering better days fishing trip with his Brothers. And father."

" I was in new -- postage. Nobody else catch -- it. Now I didn't. But retirement with a line in the water sent him. And every time sitting in the -- caught -- fish."

" John can sell as Frito in the godfather to. -- shippers documentary is I knew it was -- by the way Richard I knew it was you."

" I knew it was view from the god. Yes -- I knew that Hugh. But I had to double meaning right because that it's not only that famous line where Michael realizes that afraid of it betrayed them he says they knew was -- smart yes. I -- so of course the idea that I knew it was healing -- this guy I know this guy's name -- knows this is."

" And now more people hopefully will know that name I knew it was used green to the Williamstown film festival here in western Massachusetts tonight. John can -- was born in this area and went to Boston University. Many his friends and family you will probably be there to see it it's also an -- on HBO in the spring from -- their website here and now dot org Richard thank you so much."

" It's been a pleasure thank you."

" of production and WBUR Boston in association with the BBC world service and I'm Robin please join us again. Here and."