Title: Here and Now for Wednesday, November 4, 2009

" I'm Robin Young it's here and now the dust is settled somewhat Republicans like party chair Michael Steele claiming the GOP's winds in gubernatorial races in Virginia and New Jersey yesterday. Demonstrate a transcendent party. Democratic Party chair -- McCain concluding those races were more about the individual candidates and issues. Then the sitting president. But what we take from the congressional race in upstate New York where the conservative candidate anointed by Sarah Palin and Rush Limbaugh. Pushed aside the moderate Republicans only to lose to a Democrat. Peter lost in covers I'm -- is at California's -- often covers national politics for the most feature he joins us from Washington I flung him across the country Peter -- We know he's in Florida and Sarah Palin wrote on her FaceBook at midnight. That the race for New York's 23 district is not over just postponed until 30. That cause goes on. What causes that and where does it go next as a go to Florida."

" It does and probably to a number of other races around the country that have yet to materialize. Possibly in illegally. It may be some other places as well but. But did did the biggest and most important prize at the moment from the standpoint of the capture but it meant that the tea party movement -- Palin wing of the Republican Party if you will. Of that it's the Florida rate for the Florida senate seat being vacated by Mel Martinez sent. What's happening mayor Charlie Crist the governor. Has been very popular. -- has performed very well in elections. With Democrats and independents as well Republicans on but it sickened from somewhat leaning views on certain issues and and that has the capture -- upset and they're so. A young. Illnesses former state legislator former speaker of the Statehouse to has gotten a lot of -- gotten the attention really captured the imagination. Of the conservative movement and that and that's pretty energy is being directed."

" Well one of the things a governor Crist has done is back in some ways the stimulus package that's the same thing that the moderate Republican. Did an upstate New York it's so angered people like Sarah Palin. And you say though and you quote people saying that they plan to now target Crist for those kinds of views. But why given that it didn't seem to work in upstate New York."

" Well. Look over a couple. Did it's a lot of different has it's federation upstate New York in the corner race you know. The and and the Republicans make its case and I think it's it's actually it's it's talking points but it's also a fairly compelling case it is. That they were not a primary in the New York race there was a a candidate who was simply selected by some local party leaders. And and veto -- about the same time there was a primary in New Jersey where. The moderate Republican actually deeply conservative Republican and that raised in an at a moderate Republican went on to win. The New Jersey governor's race yesterday with the support of conservatives in the party now. B Jersey the police state that was a very -- Republican although moderate Republican House district in New York. Florida. It's obviously the biggest. Potential stage of all for this movement and it's a conservative. Closed Republican primary. And but on a grand stage because they'll be over a million. Republican primary voters in the race. So. It's it's so there's a lot of differences and just because. The that the conservative candidate lost in that house district in New York Republicans think doesn't mean. That a conservative Republican couldn't have won that race had the process been more legitimate."

" Why -- sunny clear when you say Republicans. I you to do that all Republicans in other words and is anyone saying. Is anyone stepping away from that line and saying look we think it backfired in upstate new York and were uncomfortable with this idea of targeting. Margaret Republicans not just in Florida but elsewhere is --"

" Yes they -- media they are but but what I'm hearing is is less about the this is the kind of purging of other -- and more about the process there although I think that that's an undercurrent in we have heard that frustration from other from. From all from some Republicans strategists and people on the party who feel that the French. Quote of course has been too dominant over the last few months but what happened yesterday is he saw it it's really committed. Putting aside New York -- when he her half sister -- yesterday with a huge went for the Republicans and because they got the two big crisis they got New Jersey and Virginia and say what the White House and the Democrats wanted to say about that congressional district which was a victory for the Democrats there's two governors races really say more about that. The dilemmas facing both parties right now good heading into 2010 and beyond and there are dilemmas facing. Facing deep dilemma for the Democrats in terms of how to mobilize their base. At the same time that they can that they need to figure out how to win back independent voters who think it's completely lost in this races. And for Republicans you know date has been a great date because. The electorate was not what what -- the electorate was older whiter and more conservative and."

" And yeah it's a deep what's the problem for them."

" Well the problem is that and in a presidential election year and -- granted that's three years down the road but. Did the demographics of the country are changing so broadly. He's speaking Republicans are not gonna be able to sustain -- long term that they still continue to be the party of older whiter. Americans and so they won yesterday -- about partly because. The demographics work. Narrower in an off your elections but you know looking ahead down the road you're in years to come you know that's not necessarily going to be the winning formula for."

" We needed in at least one of the states less than 10% of the voters was under thirties so she did they make come out for a presidential election the united gubernatorial. A -- Walston who covers national politics for The Wall Street Journal. Peter thanks as always. -- Mattel recently released a new line of black Barbie dolls he may have seen the so in style -- grace Karen and Tricia now. Unlike the black -- of the past which were just painted versions of white bar -- These dolls were designed by a black woman Stacey -- Who said she wanted to create a line of dolls for young black girls like -- girl dolls that look more like them. And adults do have slightly -- is a variety of skin she -- But what little hair. Hair."

" Just yesterday's five cylinders came into the house with a steady collateral have good to have a one she came out -- that ideas."

" It's Chris Rock in his new documentary good hair and the new black barbies have where it's very controversially called great hair. It's smooth and silky and little girls can buy barbie's hair straightening can't."

" That in some cases are more expensive than the dolls well let's take a look today at how Barbie has stepped into what's called a hair law our war is. With French of the tourist is an associate editor at Wellesley magazine the wealthy college alumni. Magazine and a former reporter for the Boston Globe he joins in the studio fancy we've talked about this in other conversations so. Again where are you on the issue of black hair your own."

" Like a lot of -- women I'm on a journey you know that starts in childhood ended and and takes various listen turns if you'll pardon the pun. And incidents a lot of feelings of ambivalence of ballots straightening hair had chemically straightened."

" Because as you -- out it's an age old description. Growing up in many black homes there are two kinds of daughters daughters have good hair daughter's were bad hair."

" Yeah black women are very particular not just about their own hair but they're very -- irrationally. Invested an access to lists. Their daughter's hair and house news softer -- penis or how kind of machine --"

" A couple of reasons for that one it can be very. Tough can work I mean there's battles in many homes between mothers and daughters -- hair I mean -- on his temple. You know palm tree at the middle of my head we too tight. But in -- it becomes is very can be very painful to because the hair can be equal."

" Yeah I sometimes say that I think. Black girls and I know become good runners from being chased through the house by their mothers brandishing outcomes and tubes of cream you explain that this. Obsession with hair almost. Is deepened their DNA it goes back to slavery days. Yet in slavery having less African looking hair was a survival advantage you retreated batter. EU candidate. Become a house slain as opposed to feel slant the because if you're a house slave you had food warmth maybe even an education a better chance to advance it. Can be replicated today on some might say. Depending on how your hair looks as a black professional woman it might mean you're advancement absolutely a lot of black girlfriends and I and constantly -- sent. Up Barack Obama would not be president if Michelle Obama had twists or dreadlocks and wouldn't happen. Will walking through some more history -- African American entrepreneur madam CJ walker build her hair care empire in the early nineteen hundreds. Chemical hair straightening was developed in the fifties tell us about that."

" Essentially you walk into the salon any black salon and you'll see huge vats of chemicals pear street there. And the main ingredient -- straight years is sodium -- outside. Uses a corrosive kind of chemical it to confined in state oven cleaner train cleaner. The silenced using rubber gloves and sort of aligning the edges of your scalp with gasoline so it doesn't turn your skin. The sections deer hair and starts to apply this corrosive kind of white cream. On your scalp it starts not really cool. But that it gets unbearably hot and so the trick of it is. The longer you let it sat. In your hair the straighter your hair is gonna be but then of course the more it's an apparent because of this many many black and and it had. Traumatic experiences with chemicals -- in my mother who doesn't straighten her hair. Doesn't straighten it because all of her hair --"

" Well and a lot of women do unbelievable things in hair salons white women. -- as well but this seems so painfully say when most common sites in black hair salons is. Women gripping the arm rests on the -- eHarmony --"

" Yeah and so the supreme -- means is that care street winners are also called relax since. Which is. Funny because there is nothing remotely relaxing about it all of them in the Chris Rock documentary good hair they point out -- Mary Mary. Truly that what it does. Is relax the white people around you it -- white people around black women at use. To see parent that -- it moves and be Haiti's as opposed to delayed. Black hair is bouncy and and soft literally."

" In other words. This -- here looks less subversive less Angela Davis."

" Let's Angela Davis and it's kind of disturbing that the hair that black girls are born when it is somehow political. Who also what did you think when you first saw the new -- and it might get -- right here Luigi how we have longhorns history there. What can I ever Canada barbies and I think a lot of -- white black. Whoever has ambivalent relationships with Barbie because obviously the anatomy is a little. In populist in. You know I probably had that reaction and it just kind of unrealistic and I probably wouldn't -- wouldn't -- my daughter playing with them but when I found out about the hair straight winner. That was so kind of disturbing. But also fascinating. Because in a way it was bringing a certain element of realism. Having hair street near -- suggests that the -- that we're looking at this -- here which is this is. Long Island area all the way to -- Baghdad -- possible teen is not natural. Hair straightening can't functions to make it this way. Well what we -- of some of the accessories justices. As soon as something that twists. Sections of the hair and too little cute barbies -- that is that in this. An iron a curling iron hearing black women straighten their hair so that they can correlate. It to nine."

" Well -- season and is also a hair straightening can't -- use that. Barbie will be -- here. You know -- you say may be realistic because it sends a message that you can't get this -- without perhaps that kid but. Right so it's sort of injecting a certain amount of realism but at the same time it's somehow trying to transform. This very brutal reality of hair straightening in two parties fantasy. We'll be back with more from -- magazine -- the tour in London here in."

" Funding for here and now comes from the math works creators of -- lab and simulate technical computing software. Dedicated to accelerating the pace of discovery in engineering and science worldwide on the web at math works dot com."

" Welcome back we're talking a journalist friends in the tour who writes in the Boston Globe about the new black Barbie with her sticks straight hair. And you Chris Rock documentary good hair. Really bundles a great great grand under the hair care onto the -- and CJ walker asks will the black hair wars ever end. And fancy you tell your cousins first words when she found out you were dating -- man."

" She dropped everything to choose stealing and she sighed and she said the human race. Whole lucky -- daughters will have the best hair. It's very revealing about Howell foreign businesses in black women's minds and how intertwine. Hair and beauty and self worth how they're all wrapped up together. Well and you've since married a white man and you have a -- of your room and you write he -- jobs to biracial. And has -- corals. How are you reacting to. Part of what we talked about a lot my husband and I is making sure our kids have a black identity. And so sometimes. Black girls who have good hair and amusing quotes here. Have very tense relationships. With other blacks -- this on spoke in the receiving community initiatives and settle if I want my daughter to be connecting with other black people it's going to be an issue no matter which -- coming. But am I glad that she will never have to get her hair chemically processed absolutely."

" But -- this morning if there's some guilt in that relief because. Obviously you're very proud of of everything your hair stands for that in fact you could I not believed. That she doesn't have hair that was like mine when I was Terry -- I guess I'm just relieved that shall never have axes. Face the choice of having missed out literally sizzled which means when it comes to listen which may or may not in the -- eleven in my family in particular very fixated hair and in fact when my daughter was born. A lot of my hands resident vary in hurried to get rack and whether her -- softer house to house the feelings are very strong."

" Mention really bundles in the great great granddaughter madam CJ walker her parents ran the CJ -- industry. She said she had her own subversive moment in the sixties letting her you know Afro flying even -- hair straightening in the hair products for water table."

" But -- she's. Changed your thinking now she likes seeing people make different choices she -- senior Obama girls alternate between breed to -- blown out hair she doesn't take it. Personally wouldn't you when you see -- particularly Obama's."

" We'll I was very interested to see that the official Obama family White House portrait came out and both Sasha and Malia had their hair straightened. I'm sometimes they've won their hair naturally and -- actually has been some backlash and lightly because I went. Sasha showed up with that beautiful corn rooms they are gorgeous and I don't think this is mainstream at all I think these are mostly very conservative right wing blogs -- want to rant about something and decided to rant about. Corn rose. As being too black looking. But I think for Michelle Obama it's something that she's probably navigating with her daughters as well trying to send them the right message that they are beautiful as they are. But also dealing with the reality that I mean they aren't the most visible black family on earth. And that means that there is going to be pressure for their daughters and for Michelle Obama to look a certain way. -- straightened hair."

" Where else are we looking because they may be the most of his family but there's also the most famous woman Oprah. Who very often -- her hair."

" Yet it's interesting because some of the comments on line after my story came out were from white readers who work. Kind of incredulous. As in the T think Oprah and Beyonce entire wouldn't be successful -- they had asked for us and there's a very very well known story of Oprah breaking into mainstream TV for a -- album. Involvement that's right in which she was basically coerced to get her hair straightened and a lot of her hair fell out. There was so that this is very panicky high stakes negotiation about how to style her hair that remained. If you look at any black female contestant on American Idol you know once they get a certain distance in the competition. All of a sudden their hair is street in long usually with extensions that it is there's an undeniable connection I think between. Having street hair and mass. Appeal."

" Well Tara banks to sort of threw down the gauntlet coming out on the debut of her talk show straight from the shower whether hair wet right curly. Right so for black women to reveal their real hair. Is in any event it's. -- bundles rates she hopes. That mothers who hope their daughters -- their hair but also that some enterprising cosmic technologist could set up shops around the country not to score yet but it. Billie teach mothers and daughters how to work with it."

" Yeah I mean the thing is you have to know how to work with it and there are better products now although disturbingly one of the things that is talked about and Chris Rock documentary good hair. Is that there's some mothers who are sending their daughters as young as three in four years old to have their hair chemically straightened. We check console heartbreaking -- sad because. For children that young for toddlers it's a sort of robbing them of their innocence."

" That's friends in the tour associate editor at -- C magazine her article about here appears in the Boston global. -- website here in and a court to receive close it played cleaning out your husband observation about your hair piece of it had. Gotten on his Sony computer hubris and he said look at helicopters."

" Yeah it was just one where it. But I think it was the kind incidents bomb. That you can't Canada and a bottle it helped me see my hair differently and I think. That's what a -- girls need is for their mother is term boyfriends. To sort of celebrated. What's great about the -- that they had."

" You'd -- a little slinky Hadley. -- exactly. -- thanks so much. Thank you Latin. College language courses have been taught online for years some smaller schools offer online courses for subjects that aren't that popular. Even Harvard uses online course is to teach ancient Greek or Latin courses with fewer takers. But students at the -- university of north Carolina at Chapel Hill are upset because the school decided to move one of the most popular courses. Spanish 101 completely online. Professor Larry King is chair of the romance languages and literature department at UNC Chapel Hill. Professor explaining why the school decided to -- class online."

" Very true very popular language it's the most popular language that we have and of about 4000 entering students 3000 of them have previous -- in Spanish -- those 3000. All but about 200 place in the second semester to. That once took place the first semester have very had previous study of Spanish in high school face to face and we just. Think that it's better to go online now and try to bring that is the concept to the level of the second semester student."

" Well and -- though there's been. Articles in the student newspaper people say this is a cost cutting move and people at the school has said well actually this going to save some money was it just to save money."

" We started saying this about three years ago and yes that would have saved many -- bit -- To save money in order to be able to invest in other areas we have about 500 students on wait a little. Each semester to get into a purple Spanish courses we want to offer more of it's."

" Well and we -- it's a 43% reduction in cost of 50% reduction in classroom use and he said that's part of the issue getting kids into classrooms for other things but how well kids learn we hear that there are studies that show that kids who have the face to face interaction with a teacher do better than kids who learn languages on my."

" Well keep in mind that we're talking about a lot of -- here who have had face to face and a activity before. And they have a place in the second semester there will be ought to do is to bring them up to level you can do existing comprehensive very well on line you can do. Individual pronunciation practice. And simply try to get them up to the level of what we really believe that the fact. Beginning course which is the second."

" Instead it had me thinking of by ideologues as they were called holy day Genesis they Chico. Hasn't made me down current Alan. And ever to sit by and one of the dialogues in in the high school Spanish they taught either -- gas which meant meatball switcher and instead. But the output is that you were forced to say these things over and over and over again and that's how he learned them. And -- are you worried that and knows these students have had some studies are ready but. In front of the computer there's no one to ensure that a students actually seeing the words."

" So well but you know this is not unsupervised. Online instruction. -- there's certainly some exercises where the student actually record and then this instructor will be listening to that so. There's -- information about their country brought intelligence technology yes it's not simply one -- exercises have the proper choice ties. There's a lot of interaction there and that interaction is individual."

" The Winston you already have hybrid courses that teach introductory Spanish where students have to meet with a professor. And so is that going to happen going forward."

" We might keep that person sort true beginners if you had his previous work and Spanish and definitely going to have to go online and in order to get into a second semester course."

" Well professors he said there's been reaction and students have been responding to articles in the student newspaper one girl writes I had a friend take the partially online. Spanish when -- one class and it was almost before the end of the semester before she realized that the double LI AEA. Is not -- announced -- NL."

" That's an isolated case. And I don't think you can attribute that only to the -- to -- giving that could happen any class really."

" What do you think this is gonna have to be one of the choices that schools have to make."

" I don't see it as. -- being made back -- teaching evolving taking advantage of technology. Intelligently."

" Maybe there is one good thing one very good thing -- really wanted Spanish."

" They really do and that's that's wonderful but it's it's only a blessing to a certain extent that becomes the -- when you tried to accommodate everyone."

" This professor Larry King chair of the romance languages and literature department at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill professor came thanks so much thank you Al Bundy yes. Now they got --"

" It was always we -- your thoughts on this or any story just outta here and now dot org and click on contact us send email. Or you can scroll down and leave a comment like yeah. Made here now up north that after quick break here and now. It was the photos that kind RI. Former Marines in Afghanistan rifles resting against the stone wall as they sat obviously -- on the ground. One may be taking a blister on her foot. Her friend. In fact all four of the Marines in the photo are women in the New York Times used their picture without ever mentioning their gender on the front page to illustrate -- story on the war. The picture from don't -- of questions for us what was supposed to say. Will photographer is David first he works at ace -- France -- he's in New York kind of break what a great opportunity. To talk with one of the people who tries to frame the war through his plans. And David joins us from the NPR studios in New York welcome. Thank you very much for it to be here -- is touching and we should say that and blisters can see this picture which was on the front page of the October 8. Issue of the New York Times that they can also see other ones at our web site here now dot --"

" And were you tried seasoning at this picture because he was stunned we picked it up and they're doing a piece about women. In combat and then there was never a mention."

" All flora of the Marines who wouldn't honestly I wasn't I was just photographed in operation and I was on. With these Marines and these women were part of what's called a female engagement team were attached. Two to combat soldiers and I just saw them up against the law and I saw a good image and and I took it. Over the course of the days I did spend some more time at them and get to know -- and photograph them that they were by no means the focus of my photographs -- government work there."

" Isn't that interesting because there's a time that four Marines looking at their blistered feet and in an area where their ease a lot of violence. That picture would have been extremely provocative. And some might see it now as being proof of women in combat situations. But you -- some of the -- troops they worked with a little upset that it was used."

" I don't know that I would say that there upset but a lot of the troops and I'm with -- feel sort of territorial about the areas that are operating in because they spent so many months and day after day patrolling and operating in these very dangerous places and the female soldiers had come in just for this particular operation which lasted down four days I believe. So when they saw the females on the front page of the New York Times they were sort of saying to themselves well I'd like to be patient."

" chop liver. But he also mentioned that they had come into this operation they were part of what would you call them what -- in the -- female engagement team because they're the ones who can approach and speak to women in an area -- it's frowned -- to speak to -- that's correct in Afghanistan at its particular -- sort of outlying areas it's a very conservative -- it's it's not appropriate for -- to speak to -- that's still as we've observed many times on this program there's -- front line in -- anybody. Anywhere. It can and be speaking to somebody who has a suicide belt on that's right so it does become a pictures they're really does tell that story that. May -- not in the same exact way women are. In areas of combat."

" The females since Marines that are part of this team -- and -- multiple assignments one of those assignments and one of things that they were -- on this up particular operation operation Germany was. To search a lot of the women and it would mean it when the Marines at a salt Marines are the Marines that were front of them which storm to a house if you know that would come in behind them. And search beneath the -- in in and respectful way. To make sure that it's secure that they are not hiding anything under the -- that they don't like he -- explosives and in the park horror contraband weapons and current. Computers told you I'm thirty turned thirty in Afghanistan."

" We know that's so interesting because. Maybe someone on your generation and thirties when young to sound. Might not see anything unusual in four Marines who are women in your photograph might not note that whereas somebody. You know maybe twenty years older might."

" That's sure I I was looking at a purely from a photographic -- point. Yeah they were for men sitting exactly the same position in exactly the same thing I would photograph did just sent in that's a case of a picture having a meaning for people that you didn't even anticipate. How often do you try to put a meaning into a photograph like a lot of voters to turn out editorializing my images -- a photograph with astronomy. I photograph went there and I don't spin it that say in any way they're trying. Shall want side -- the other trying to chose it as complete picture as I can with that said there's a lot of photography issues. That the people argue about all the time is is a photographed true is it is an artist doesn't show the whole picture. He never does but I definitely trying to be as as objective as possible."

" And looks look at some of the others and again their at a website here now dot org. What I'm noticing a lot of is it it looks to me like dust blowing dust talk about the fog of war yeah."

" There's a lot of dust there's there's no doubt there's a lot of dust and gets every rickets and your cameras gets her clothes gets into your nose. It's dirty and it's dusty and it's and you don't shower for long periods of time and and it's it's definitely definitely their."

" And we can see tension we can see troops walking through sort of carved out door in what looks like an -- Building you know in in Afghanistan. And I'm thinking I wanna be the first guy he's -- through that door. How much do you try to get a photograph to have to pal paid."

" That's something that I'm thinking about all the time and of shooting I'm trying to capture the emotions of these guys stated they and they change. Throughout the course of the day or an operation these Marines in particular. -- a very nasty part of Afghanistan that's. Leader with ideas this operation was designed to root out Taliban forces in villages surrounding it's called the Fuji bus pass which. He's an area that is just littered with idea these guys have been blown up multiple multiple times. So they're very aware of the dangers of trying to lemon and to their credit. They really go forward without letting me know how scared they may or may not be what about you. These skin I have moments I think in any photojournalist they're war photographer. Or war reporter in whenever they may be I think that if they -- that in -- moments. Would probably be lying team."

" Well given all this and how important is it that when you go out with troops. They trust you because you after all you might get a photograph of some being planned at the -- but the minute that go to light."

" I think it's essential I think trust is is is is tegra part of the work that I that I do you -- and I'm embedded with troops. I'm always fair at them it's not say that I give them you know cross border glowing coverage. But. They have to know that -- that -- photographed them as it is what I see in front of me and I'm Moroccan and -- and distorted in anyway let's move to mention one picture. That's of a marine and his dog in the -- sort of using the dog has a look. He -- the photograph. That is out of work dog it is that's that's. I'm not sure they the exact term to bomb sniffing dog and attack dog this dog that's -- existent and could give -- time with the with them the dog handler and and the dog's name's Patrick. And he's an exceptionally trained dog this dog and when that trainer turns him on becomes killer it's scary. But at any moment he can turn it off. And he becomes the sweetest most gentle loving in its its it was amazing that never witnessed them like that before it seemed they never had. That kind of interaction. With the military dogs before it was really really cool actually."

" That's David first a photographer for agents France -- We've been talking about his photographs of troops in Afghanistan you can see them again and our website here in -- word. David you are a Middle East photographer -- answer to -- the best of luck to you on Unix system. Thank you very much room. Okay we have a second for quick reminder you can listen to our program streamline their web -- here now dot org weaken also. Download a podcast take it with you wherever you go and again don't forget the photos. Here and now outlined before we go to they cooking for one he listened to him."

" Judith Jones was working at a publishing house in Paris when she rescued a little diary from the rejection -- in convinced her employer to publish it. He might have heard of it. The diary and frank. Back in New York she took a chance on another rejected manuscript buys some American named Julia trying to master the art of French cooking. Judith Jones now a senior editor and vice president at -- Also shepherded other cookbooks and was the longtime editor of literary figures like John Updike. She now has a book of her own the pleasures of cooking for one it's addressed directly to the 28 million Americans who live alone who she worries. Aren't cooking for themselves the book also his insights into food and rating than anyone might enjoy and Judith Jones joins us from New York. Judith we know you came to this subject was a very deep loss -- to your husband of 45 years the noted food writer Evan Jones --"

" Yes at first I thought will be. So lonely and that's that's that's kind of put down and it. And and I started thinking about it it gave me such pleasure to come into an empty house and empty kitchen. And start -- an -- with garlic cooking and things says -- and get making a little salad and feeling -- home weekend mild contentment. And then. Setting -- table pouring -- lighting the candles may be turning on some music. It just. It was a way of honoring the -- that Lebanon -- together and he made me feel happy special grateful. When you cook for yourself as a single person -- honoring yourself. But I suppose this drives you to healthier natural foods you that it's healthy. You know what you're buying and it doesn't humble. Ursula stuff. Hidden somewhere it's it's very satisfying. What sometimes hard to cook fruit yeah you know even to. But certainly one because people don't sell food for one the supermarkets are stacked against us. I that was one of the things not filled -- has been done. Felt sort of an outsider. When I was in the market beat couldn't buy a single brown. Of broccoli so you forgo -- he you have to spend it on nineteen on on a bunch of parks and you only need. A couple of springs so. I tried to develop strategies. For buying. What's in the package. And finding all sorts of ways to use them and I don't talk about leftovers. I talk about second rounds and third round. And -- to Rome and I try to make a new dish with a different accent might -- Italian run on it might be Chinese another. So that cannot. Eating cold Paul -- week just an example of that how one recipe might be get to more okay well parks a good example knows tenderloin of pork. -- upon the whole time and on and the first nine out of scale PD was just a little bit of Latin American buried now. Or a dish not particularly now is. A -- airing of a -- org zucchini and then the little scale -- can be port deal chicken. Turkey you name it. And you stepped it up menu polished up just a little bit of -- so listens and she's a little girls to keep the smallest. And competent ailment and ten minutes later. You yeah dinner and you only use one -- one of the delights in the book is where some of these recipes come from they. Come from friends and collaborators Julia Child -- Jaffray who writes about Indian food. A little bit more about how your friends made their way into your book well I feel very strongly that. Each cook book should have sports it's not try. Help somebody get apple and as a result -- the years of accumulated. Quite a large family of writers. And the roads there with me when I'm doing an Indian dish for its -- I hear monitors fullest and you have to post that place. What does it mean to toast a paste. So you know there are constantly. When you talk about helping -- writers that you work with. Have a voice doing -- it was you who advised Julia Child. To use down to earth words like plot. To explain the French that he did instinctively. I cannot take credit for it was just an -- But I did encourage her to use much more of them in the tool points and I think it's certainly work to get a -- just."

" Young New York City woman who tried to -- to the child's recipes and 365. Days her. Book of course was the basis for the recent film Julie and Julia."

" It's darn of the plot I called to again on top California. -- and I'm not alone and so we did -- says. I don't feel she's been a serious because of the kind of language he uses. It was just using easy for the words that don't go with with food and it's as simple as that she didn't -- a stopper and anything. But she just felt that she wasn't doing it."

" Because she wanted to -- cooking expressed joy and triumphs and."

" these cases like content she wrote off to -- serious. I mean had she lived six foot opposite. It's quite amazing because the movie has so stimulated young people -- speaking caution I want learn to cook it looks like fun."

" And they go by mastering. So who knows it wasn't a big issues she just felt."

" Not connected. Well because of the four letter words and we should rush to say the four letter words -- Powell was using or not. -- the Anthony -- early to settle rumored. Rescue them over -- about these many people you worked with as a real hands on editor use of John Updike. That he was very daring and print. But he he wasn't daring in his food in what he eight. Well I know he is pretty much Pennsylvania meat and potatoes -- Let's talk to him up now -- a couple food and language. And -- You couldn't. -- character through food."

" Through food prejudices. Through the joy of of making food for others."

" And I -- contrasting him with another writer Robert -- and Tyler."

" Who wrote wonderful dinner opponents across Britain. And he said on point don't think that food is a very serious dichotomy sort of to sloth to gulf."

" But when I went -- looked into this camera that book Robert -- When -- the use home and takes off with this. Young flower girl and suddenly for the first time he's eating you know whole different way and as a parent out there."

" Describing. The soul she cooks and quiet on the host for the first time."

" And reminded me of the Jewish -- votes one day meals that she the first time you went to France and indeed it was a pivotal moment. In rabbits character he must change by -- So even -- a -- exe is using food."

" Watch it's it's a very powerful metaphor for many things in India."

" students Jones senior editor and vice president and -- off punishing her new book is the pleasures of cooking for one it is cookbook. But as you've been hearing she has helped cooks right their books and helped authors write their books in which cooking somehow. Plays a rule I will now read the food passages in books. --"

" Florida and it's being used more and more as food is part of language to stand outside and much one point. When I was growing up we never discussed that the cable you would never was not to say yum yum sounds. We were constantly opening new windows to get rid of the cook Smith felt it strange that really boiled cabbage or broccoli sprouts through our regular dog and I. Judith Jones thanks so much. Well thank you it's been fun talking to you."