Title: Skeptics Guide #224 - Nov 4 2009

" You're listening to the skeptics guide to give you give us your escape. -- reality."

" Hello and welcome to the skeptics guide to the universe. Today is Wednesday November 4 2009. And -- New York Post Steven Novella. Joining me to speak about Novella. Everybody Gina hey guys and Edinburgh yes so on David you're listening to this Saturday November 7 in 19:40 at approximately 11 o'clock and first Tacoma narrows suspension bridge collapsed. Home to induced vibrations have never seen the video footage that I highly suggest that. Also known as. -- injured in the to move to a search for galloping -- Evan."

" Set that bud black and white footage I've seen them bridges really possibly -- to stay with -- third largest suspension bridge built that the time. Every do you know why that yes aerial elastic flutter. Educated shore. Mexico -- investors like camp. It's this self feeding destructive vibration that occurs when certain current and air force -- on an object. Our copper are coupled with and structures natural motive vibration. And like you read very well thank you very much."

" That's right essentially here here's the the key bit is that. When you construct a bridge you have to make sure that the costs leading frequencies in different directions do not -- harmonics of each other right. Because of that happens. Then as the bridge begins to sway. Just like when you're going on a swing set your pumping your -- be doing it in rhythm it it gets -- the Oxley skip bigger and bigger each time. So when engineers construct bridges they have to make sure -- That the different isolating frequencies in the different you know structural components of the bridge won't feed into each other so the energy won't just keep getting stored in building up. That it will it will dissipate because the different frequencies will be -- face and the engineers who built that -- bridge screwed up basically. And so the first day he had a big win the oscillation is built up and built up in built up a built up until the thing collapsed."

" And this is used as a textbook example -- engineering students and yes. And it physics classes and others sciences to show people exactly what a how destructive can actually be back does a big engineering channel. And the footage is amazing now I mean someone right there with the -- market shooting --"

" And you -- I got -- of running off the bridge you know trying to keep that. And historian on -- exactly how chooses the story was on went back through his dark. And then got the dog off the bridge and then and then collapsed and that dog is still alive today the dog the dog went down with a bridge accord -- the story. Oh yeah it put it there they say what they get out because it was too it was too scared to get out it was TX who's freaked out it bit one of the hands of the go to guy. The and the the guy who's trying to get out. Six grew yet at the -- all right and -- I tried. Doesn't -- 1940s. -- warrior you know. -- Others also another. An important -- coming up on November 7 so just days after this gonna Carl -- day right exactly -- New calling the first annual Carl say in day he. It's it calls against birthday he would have been 75. And yes he really died too -- you know -- lost some far too early. You know if I gently took it in and around mason definitely -- was -- and -- repeat winner. The interviews he would have done with us I'm like I'm just skeptical community that he helped inspire is really coming into its own mentioned he was tolerant than be -- on my -- just realized. We knew how well we wanted to show we would have meant that we would have had admonish -- take my guy your great might have been a regular guest at tam you know who knows him. Indian great crash and you were close yeah going to mean that means that pretty much anyone that's attended to him. Over the past seven years would have met him to raise the -- we all -- Well -- probably that's that's that is -- you know he really he missed that. It's one of my regrets that we now have never had an opportunity to meet -- saying you know Weaver who is he really died right at the beginning of our involvement in the skeptical movement. It is unfortunate timing. Well for those of you haven't read any of his books you should deathly agreed to demon hunter broke that's an incredible start. To any anyone wants to learn about skepticism -- it is probably the single best introductory book to skepticism at the F cemented. What's Gupta is small about what to book I can read to get me into it demon haunted world that's -- to do a better place to start and about it without a doubt. -- at a time he touches on so many great things in the book and Disco often there under directions."

" If you ever heard Carl Sagan read any of his books in and as an audiobook now now I haven't. The idea a couple of his books are an audio with him reading it I think the last. Billions and billions the only got halfway through now so that it first test of his in his voice I love listening to his voice he had an incredible. Speaking voice whose is it very mellow and profound and yet a great -- of and then seeing his words to give them such impact them."

" Steve we should mention that to the featured speakers at the first animal crossing and they will be the sheriff's own -- And of course the amazing one brand."

" arrogance outright. Yeah this is going to take place of Florida writes of Broward college. Nearing its with a featured speakers along with David Morrison who's a senior scientist at NASA after biology institute. And if you go to Carl -- the economy at full details."

" Steve before you're talking about Carl Sagan out his voice his his tone and demeanor and everything and for those of us who have seen cosmos about you know a billion times. We saw something the other day that was. Surprisingly different and actually you know quite a wonderful piece of U2 video called a glorious dawn okay."

" It's. -- call storms we're gonna destroy us. It's. Features those are. Pouring gas on only it's not. Morning it's. Relief. -- Miller -- true. And we really lose and only more so when she area. -- Inside."

" never want to be generous."

" Exe should go to Lucent and you should go to symphony of science dot com. That's the website of the guy who created those two. Pieces of music is --"

" using a technique called auto tuning. In which you can change the pitch. Leaders spoken. Word or singing. To whatever you want essentially so some singers will use auto tuning in order to get him to sing on in key. But you can also use it to take. Just someone who is speaking and turned it into. Into music into his songs -- with this guy did is took. Snippets of Carl -- from cosmos. Carl Sagan was a poet he's had very you know he. I think is one of the that the best people for. Really illuminating the poetry. Of science. And the audit science can inspire and took some of the best. I snippets from from cosmos and auto tuned it into like a rap song and it's actually really like it it's it's an amazing what ticket."

" Actually like his other -- better team. The other the you to go to the website symphony of science dot com. The first are on their he has is called. We are all connected or -- Self -- symphony of science we are all connected and -- Yet -- what what that software does is it basically. Changes the picture of something so you're actually but it that this guy did was he created a malady with their voices. Yes and it wasn't just -- say inning he had quite a few different people."

" Well now one of the glories donors mostly -- they were a little bit of Stephen Hawking. And then there was another when the overheated seek in hawking near the grass you know and I Tyson bill Nye yeah it was Richard and Richard firemen. I'm sure gonna be seeing more of these when you. Hit upon the idea of doing this and then we have the technology. I'm sure we're gonna see it on yeah because I'm does that mean someone's gonna make a video of a singing skeptics guide. Although it normally ST yes and -- maybe there's somebody out there. They'll duke it on -- people's hands and was so pleased that please don't -- is that the middle of Minnesota got -- up."

" Our craft -- crap our craft but craft on -- into -- writes itself. I actually downloaded the demo that software though. Haven't had time to play around with a but it seems like you would be a lot of fun. You know and wonder how hard it is. And charter -- will not actually totally a lot of things could probably do it."

" Do something with it without too much work but it's probably hard to gambling and you have to have some knowledge of how music structure works and you have to. Be able to compose. A so hungry writes it in their candidates and the tool but you still have to be artistic in a scrutiny and it's. It's pretty ubiquitous as it. Pretty ubiquitous that. Yeah absolutely I cannot -- and it evidence it's pretty quick ubiquitous absolutely totally. This different levels of -- Absolutely. It's a very unique also I. -- it's the most OK don't get me started on uniqueness the most crazy because they're angry whoever is there -- there are levels of of the uniqueness. You can be unique on some level but then not unique at at others so doesn't that doesn't really apply to unique I don't think. In students in the unique. Indicated NASA the the way that we use the -- unique is that. Very and a unique needs one of a kind so you can't be any. More -- that right you know wanted to kind net. W could be unique on one level and I'm I'm different I'm different lot of ethical people meanwhile it is a very unique gaming unique in many way. Right probably a better way to -- Stevenson -- Scalia to shortcut or unique in profound ways. But it very unique thing is kind of it's when you pet peeves is and that's what it is this I picked up on -- when you hear everywhere it's one of those things that what you notice that. That I know about Tor pedantic this I did --"

" We have a friend that cannot stand when people say hold another instead of saying a whole other whole another -- is so much better. Yeah yeah because you're slamming two valves together you know otherwise and it's constable others it's awkward. It did it used to get a miners alive. But then realize sentiment that's what language stats you know policy evolves it's I'll just say things right exam -- yeah -- Bob you are totally got I'm relaxed. Guy when it comes to language spurs got no right. No open I have I have relaxed a bit regarding that expression ultimately -- speaking if you examine it but how about his -- when it comes at things. -- the word forte right that's -- guys forte shark. Well yeah it's correct pronunciation of that word is for not forte. And I had not only have I heard Bob correct me. When I've used it but it Bob absolutely does say for even though nobody knows to hell it's probably both. It is -- Saturday becoming acceptable. Usage of the word member of both correct that the at a certain point."

" Did you that's actually an -- interesting. Example they use it because I I really don't you really use that word that much anymore. Because it annoys me it annoys me that for so long out you know I thought it was forte and I found out that it was fort. As I got crap on you you don't want. Ford doesn't sound -- nobody knows that's how it's supposed to be pronounced and then I read somewhere that that basically both are acceptable now -- about course seven of them but that's -- what's the point of it being -- quote and -- correct but nobody knows -- that's almost an oxy moron right. Right if the way everyone is using is almost by definition the correct way right and right Andy and that's how language evolves and sometimes it's gotta go with its current."

" Like William F Buckley -- you know having a conversation -- himself from the corner you know it's like that back and loved him. I -- glacial. A review was -- to believe I know that. How absolutely he was and yet he views that he was the creation Aniston who want to crazy stuff but. Of all the people that. I'd listen though who they don't let them war. What an incredible vocabulary meaning he commanded every word that he -- said it -- it is so pompous about it it was awesome with."

" In my favorite going Buckley's story he wrote in his column once was that he was actually. Involved in any in a lawsuit he was sued for something he wrote. And to the court. Case turned on the definition of the word I believe he used toward the phrase. The jig is up a whole -- and it's somebody interpreted that as a racial slower the lawyer at the and he's okay he had as a prop he had a dictionary. End these lawyer waved it arouses -- you we've been familiar with the dictionary server and put the dates going down in front of them Buckley picked up the dictionary. Opened it up and said well yes in fact I wrote the forward to this sticks. I got I got lawyer and a dictionary that Buckley wrote the forward to. Ultimately. -- that was that was -- it is like quintessential moment in involved in in."

" Courtroom drama I'll moment ponson doesn't get on the net. Now if only it only funded under his deathbed that lawyer will remember that I like it damn -- I know -- I have. At that moment that lawyer had it been like all. So if he's not a -- wow how I'd like my statement struck from the record your aunt Linda. But denied it go to. Who writes -- forward to -- dictionary you know what -- what -- in the dictionary you know I love words what would have fantastic. Really. But he does say apparently enough but that's. Aren't I let's go let's move on we need to go to some as a company whose lives he wasn't scheduled -- it seems like we can't talk enough."

" These days about the H1N1 flu and the vaccine there is so much a scare mongering going on misinformation about the tech the next scene. One case that has come a priest -- this I think is gets the award as the most emails we got in the past week. Does any 25 year old woman by the Deseret Jennings who claims that she has a rare neurological. Disorder -- ten days after receiving the flu vaccine. This is the seasonal flu vaccine actually not that the H1N1 swine flu vaccine. She was on the news I think -- first picked up by UK paper that was picked up at a local fox affiliate. Who ran the story as a one in the million reaction to the flu vaccine if -- this poor woman is an aspiring to be cheerleader and our life. Is ruined because of this. Neurological disorder that she has from the flu shot. Did it got picked up by the national Fox News and inside edition again total incredulous at Atlanta. That was the that was sort of the first polls through the new cycle of course the anti -- people jumped on it above this case. Jenny McCarthy cried when she heard the story generation rescue picked up on it and started exploiting this -- reverend immediately. But in actual -- asserted its. Watching this video myself included say what's really going on with this case there's never been a reported case in the literature of -- Estonia following. A flu vaccine if you pleased to finally has yet to Estonia is neat. It's classified as a movement disorder actually brain disorder involves. Involuntary muscle contractions. Our writers cramp is -- it. So sometimes that Estonia can be constant or could be. And I task specific Warrick could it can be exacerbated by certain movements. I it's usually they're to some degree of divorce systemic or diffuse it isn't usually the more it is there to some degree. Now I Jennings is. Essentially becoming. From a tool of the anti vaccination movement and and she is even -- use team is using her story. It's an issue she wants to war in the world about the dangers of vaccines aren't. Turns out if you look at the video that's in the public domain now. And you don't always cautious about providing any kind of medical judgment about people warm my patients -- so of course I haven't examined her. Active we don't have enough information to make any kind of I'm an actual diagnosis -- therapeutic recommendations of this is purely just an impression. Based upon the videos that are in the public domain that are being used to promote her sort of cautionary tale about the risk of vaccines. If you look at what she's the symptoms he's actually displaying its not in any way compatible with the diagnosis of bestowed. This this woman does not have -- based upon those videos into what it is consistent which is what we would call psychedelic movement disorder. Which means that kind of thing that they could be -- response to to stress or. -- psychological symptoms. This doesn't mean she's speaking -- some people have expressed the opinion that maybe she's taking. I'm not of that opinion and you can't say that based and I'll be hard -- to keep up with and the people does that mean that's but doesn't make an implausible but. This thing is just you can't come to that conclusion. In my opinion based upon information that we have and it doesn't really matter. I'm all we could say is that the way that she's moving in those videos is not a -- Tony it's that it is compatible. With the psychedelic disorder. Which could still be a real real disorder that she's not in control eleven Donald wherever conscious -- It's just a different kind of manifest brain manifestations is not -- it's also absolutely not the convicting you can get from -- from a as saner reaction to a Solutia. So -- was not absolutely not caused by the -- Steve what do -- hurt the whole thing with her. That it goes away when she's when she runs and and presents itself which slows down. Why what's that whole thing about. It that's actually I don't know I don't know -- How she came to manifest exactly the way she is going on again -- have from the privy to enough -- the -- the history due to speculate about that. -- to Stoney is can get worse with certain movements in better with other movements. But not in the way that's being demonstrated on the videos into a Bobby saying it's it's really dramatic movements when she's just trying to walk in her speech is affected too. But then she can jog perfectly -- in her speech it's a 100% normal to you that's not a movement disorder. That's not to -- so -- in his seat as I said yeah I think the only thing that we could really say about it from the information that's being put in the public domain. Is that it's not Estonian and its most compatible with what we call a psychedelic movement disorder. You know I I wrote about this case and then -- was actually. Compelled to write a follow up article just discussing the nature of Psycho genetic illness because. That becomes such a loaded concept. I've seen cases of patients with secretary of blindness secretary paralysis but really dramatic presentations. And -- again a lot of the controversy comes and I think in it from public misunderstanding of how this diagnosis is made -- used in of course it is it became beat. Abused and used as a diagnosis. A garbage can a diagnosis but. When properly used. Meaning that -- excluded you know other causes major basing it on features in the exam that really can only be explained that's like energetic. You know maybe we can actually use the neurological and to prove it's not an actual deficit that. Something broken somewhere in the nervous system it's something it's taking place in the conscious parts of the brain."

" I remembered example you gave points Steve years ago where. Where -- supportive thinker like an arm was paralyzed he knew you held arm over their face in that could let it go and -- truly paralyzed the hand would actually hit the face. Because it was I guess it was secretary make. Which is one person. But to hand kind of felt a kind of just miss the face every time could write faulted a site that's one of the tricks that we use yet an -- fury at your arm is. Classic meaning that you can't use it at all it has no strength whatsoever has completely limp to you know that term right -- Yeah it's it is very familiar with that you basically did that maneuver -- laying in bed you hold that over their face and you block it's it doesn't actually based. And if we're truly weak neurological the week because of you know of damage to the pathways the motor pathways. It would fall to hit them right in the face. But if it's a cycle genetic. It falls just is he just barely falls to the side and this is the face which is impossible if the strength is really completely absent. That's really there's there's features to the exam. That is."

" Inconsistent. And it's really impossible. If it were a lesion in the motor pathway. It has between it has to be a problem. Farther up you know in the in the -- of parts of the brain that's really loading by secretary it's coming from that part of the -- not that it's not a disorder not that it's not real. It and you know. Whatever you whatever Jennings has she needs genuine medical attention. To improve you know her symptoms and -- quality of life it's unfortunate that the media. Jumped on this at that those couple of media outlets they really should have not touch this at all. And it's unfortunate that the anti vaccine organizations like generation rescue are now exploiting this case for the room propaganda purposes. Although I think there's some internal. Dissent within generation rescue the to put a web page up for her repeatedly took it down and Andy put it back up and I have some. The information that maybe there's some internal disagreements about what -- would there stance should be towards this case. But at the moment it's -- they are still exploiting it. So we'll get to keep -- nine since he -- today where they go with it. Very unfortunate case I hate to see patients like this exploited. By -- it's you know it is in -- really hard to explain in this context. And -- in the public. -- discussion exactly what we mean by it's like Janet. Because it's so easy to say oh yeah those doctors just dismissing whatever they don't understand -- if patients crazy and that's not overseeing. At all its software not hardware and it's not. The kind of thing that can be a legitimate reaction to a vaccine so it's this is not a vaccine injury that's the bottom. But a lot of people have been scared away from the flu vaccine because of this case. That's the that's the really sad part of this that there there will be a body count attached to this news story and they got it wrong they -- Moseley got the news story wrong. And they -- definitely hurt the public health as a consequence of to use. The next news on -- you simply this when this is a case of an apparent. Spontaneous human combustion much tell us about that."

" and although you know the reporter doesn't specifically call it -- does not invoke that. Really it's the -- in actually I looked around a little to see if there were any claims of it up but. Once you hear the story you know it's. Pretty that it's pretty obvious I think what."

" It's being presented as a mystery but it really isn't mean -- the details are actually fairly mundane. --"

" And Florida in a trailer park. Neighbors discovered the charred remains. Of a woman who lived alone there. And there were. Stunned by this mystery because how could this woman have burned inside her trailer yet all her belongings around her pretty much you know suffered no damage. On you know -- trailer didn't didn't burn down was just just her. And you know it's it it has the local authorities and and local folks stunned as to how this could possibly. -- baffled yes they are baffled. However and anyone who's familiar with the skeptical literature over the years might come to the conclusion that. What actually happened here is that you know a fire -- a small fire of some sort when there was a cigarette or some other plane. This woman her clothes got caught up and and and cheaper and and he -- this is a way in which sometimes people meets unfortunately very. Grisly fate on no one is explain this more. Often or frankly quite better than than -- nickel. Obama who in his career has investigated. Quite -- over thirty historic cases of spontaneous human combustion. For lack of for lack of."

" Better to let -- let alleged -- in the case that are presented as -- But they're actually pretty straightforward. Forensic. Firefighter cases -- me fury. The kind of person who investigates fires the details of these cases are actually not that mr."

" Here's some of the things the the witnesses. Who saw the the carnage said about the that the case in Florida. One witness said there was nothing out of place now looks trashed it looks like there's mud everywhere and all over her mud all over her body you've got a good black thick. Do we substantively sounds okay okay which is exactly what gets left behind when you burn fat. That's right so there's a phenomenon called the -- affect which has been proven to BA real phenomenon. In which the body will catch fire. Take a very long and slow time to burn and if you think the analogy of may be a campfire you know you can cozy up to decide a campfire. You know and MB and -- pretty wanted to get. Relatively close to. But then there's you know there's also the zone in which passed through written out -- you start to you start to feel. Divert the burning -- Well this one quick defector also known as Campbell effect you know can melt basically melted fat and it gets. Absorbed by either clothing on the person or maybe the chair there were sitting in something to that effect in which effectively adds more fuel to this to this fire. Keeps it very concentrated doesn't spread out doesn't cause. Anything around anything else around you. To go up in flames yet it'll be a very thorough albeit long burning of the actual body and all the will be left. It is these lobby tools of melted fat and residue of what actually didn't actually burn away and become chart."

" If also get a closed room and we -- around. The oxygen tension goes way down and reduce the fire uses up all the oxygen and that's why you don't have a lot of flame damage could you don't have a lot of big flames. You just have a simmering smoldering. Fire which again can slowly consumer body. But it doesn't spread around the room right so small closed off trailer. Get an old confirmed she was she was described as being. Confirmed it was she could walk he was clearly was not very mobile's current and episodes he's the exact type of person. Someone -- old confirmed living alone that this kind of episode happens to. Fall asleep in the chair for I don't know if she's if she smoked I don't know if I didn't know was given."

" say that but you know they're they're still investigating and the coroner's adds -- report on it and then a whole bunch of other things and -- These these details might come out as the as the -- progress but right Steve all the all these cases have to have similar. Components to them and similar patterns and this one based on you know. What we what we know of alleged spontaneous combustion cases this this fits that template pretty much it's Texas it's -- Right so the authorities have called Dotson reminder -- a few things."

" Yes the instrument the figured out eventually my favorite spontaneous human combustion cases when the woman who was burned. Her head was actually in the fireplace yeah that's right yeah. It's a mystery and that's right we have John Nichols says he presents that picture -- you know classes at school children and they can figure out -- what happened. Whereas. Don't miss a very good point right opponents squander their credibility when they present that case has accused his twenties cement and yeah. And -- what I say her head is in the -- I mean she was laying down. I with their head in the fireplace in their Christopher body was like you know outside the -- that's right except for it was her judged her head yes her her lower legs and feet were all that was left intact that's that place of flawlessly. Yet an event it was it's better that because she had not decided. The iron grating rates if she clearly felt -- hit her head on the hearts knocked -- the stuff that was on the hearth -- either dead or unconscious. And caught fire. I mean is such an obvious scenario. Like C a child to figure out what happened despite it looking at the paramedic is presented as a classic case of spontaneous human combustion."

" Is gonna say this is one of those topics when we were kids are really believed it you know we sought out and search of -- remembered seeing tons of pictures about this and I really believe that there was something that would make people just catch on fire. I'm embarrassed to say it never occurred to me. That these are all false cases that he's everywhere was wrong that was was make it that was making these claims -- now -- look back on its its actually one of those things have a little like. Curious to know why I didn't. Figure it out or find a little more obvious that you know that wasn't taking place."

" Yeah casino team didn't write any now. Everyone seems to believe it so you don't hear any skepticism recipients must be tricks weird but true Brian McNamee -- restaurant here. A by the way though that case that referring to of the woman who filled with their head in the fireplaces mrs. harassment. And that case is from 1958. It's funny it -- to search for spirited human diversity and I see that particular image. All over the place yeah chances are really popular Newton. The next news -- actually gets the award Bob I think I think this is the the headline of the week. There in the headline is from the guardians. Although that's not the article I want talk about. These headlines from the guardian. Is that government drug adviser David not sacked. -- A blunt about this and I -- you ask for feedback on the question of found does that mean the same thing in the in the UK that it means the United States. And I was assured that it dies and that the guardian is often. Funny in this way it would you'll. Open up when he headlines like that so incidents that they absolutely meant to attend -- yet it was just over the it was deliberate. Tell what I wanna talk about is the daily -- reporting of the same story. This skinny is of that. A science adviser here. In the UK -- and professor David Dodd chairman of the advisory council on the misuse of drugs. Gave report to the home office -- saying that alcohol tobacco or more dangerous than banned substances like candidates. At war Ecstasy. I'm -- that horse ready -- and of course writing was more grist here ultimate Ecstasy -- point was. That the regulation. And the legalizing of these substances is not proportional to the risk that they present to people to individuals into the public. That alcohol and tobacco far out way. Ecstasy and marijuana and yet the article on Internet for the ones that are legal. He was let go in as a consequence. Of this report. Now there's a very cognizant you know complex. Controversy swirling around his report and the fact he got sacked. And the relationship between science and politics. But taking this decide against professor not was. A journalist from the Daily Mail on line called and -- and Wilson. He essentially used to that's an opportunity to go on and absolutely anti intellectual anti anti scientific rants. And he you know calling scientist Eric and gods of certainty. And saying that if the culture run by -- Eric in cuts certainty would truly be hell on earth. He played to Hitler card in the earlier versions of the story they had a picture of Hitler on with the article that they took that down. These compare scientists had not sees. And he -- time to get along great oh yeah -- little video -- he says yeah actually invokes. Basically says that in fact it is the Eric in scientific establishment which questions free expression. Think of the hoo ha which occurred when one hospital doctor dared to question the wisdom of using the and MR vaccine hoo ha ha. -- put into perspective you talk about Andrew Wakefield and who holocaust about the fact if you've raised questions about vaccine. It's because he did shoddy fraudulent research and that's stirred up a -- a hysteria. Yeah about the M Omar vaccine. That caused assert a resurgence of vaccine preventable diseases in the UK in two lesser extent in the United States. On the actual cost of hoo ha. Not because he when he -- establishment is because you don't need to its its shoddy fraudulent racer yeah and he wasn't just asking simple questions either he's definitely had a more aggressive stance on the -- ball company also we come to be. To -- that he just I was getting millions of dollars from from attorneys essentially to prove that there was a problem with you know -- vaccine. Any of the guys had a patent on an alternate vaccine would have stood to make a billion song if the it's a tribunal vaccine you know was pulled for some reason -- The incredible. And declared conflicts of interest yeah that's Acosta who -- So this is Alex this is terrible reporting. On the part of Wilson. Clearly within agenda any rights. There was a blanket denunciation of his heresy just as there is if anyone -- to point out some of the mistakes made by that very fallible genius Charles. -- to close ranks against anybody who trade dared to question art god Charles -- all hailed Charles Darwin. It's just such cool under anti intellectual. Crap he's saying it's scientists. -- overemphasize their certainty which anyone who knows scientist knows that that's not true I'm obviously there's always individual. People who make every kind of mistake you can imagine. By it as -- community. -- that scientists are actually always looking for we don't know that's with the researches raids in -- don't know and it's pretty grants are nine -- Nothing to research here we understand everything that while -- not gonna get a lot of the grant money saying that there's not nothing we don't now. And whenever the anti intellectuals like creationism intelligent design errors or people who are promoting quackery war. You know deny global warming war are anti vaccination lists you -- get criticized for making our scientific arguments. He ends the other side I was trying to interpret that as. As oppressing their freedom of expression and of trying to shut down legitimate debate. It's all BS. Clearly by lumping together Wakefield and criticisms of evolution and and even he also brings up the example of global warming clearly be you know it's it's clear what. And the political spectrum -- and he's easily taking an anti scientific approach. Each of these issues interestingly -- I think someone could have made. Some reasonable points. On the other side of the of their position that professor -- was taking. Without being anti intellectual jacket that's. Yeah. Wilson also rather of making those looking to appointee if he completely mischaracterized not report saying that. What applies in the pristine lab that it doesn't necessarily apply in the real world but actually. -- report was based upon. The real world -- epidemiology of the of drug use and and the cost of -- so. He just he just mischaracterized the report currently."

" Well -- a couple of comments about this tragic. You know one of course in this particular circumstance -- really do believe. At the author of -- of this article is definitely anti intellectual and has some type of ax to grind and I am curious to know. Why or how that that person got themselves that -- very. Very curious and understand why people take an anti intellectual stance and I still can't seem to understand why other than. You're trying to preserve some religious beliefs that they have."

" I would just say ideological. Whether it's religious or not could be political could be social could be racial to do whatever but it's ideological. I think it's guys exactly as you say it's science does not endorse their ideologies of the problem must be with science and scientists -- attacked them."

" And are also definitely seems to be a distinct hostility here. That bothers me quite a bit -- I read this article I. Absolutely had an emotional reaction to it you know makes you very sad actually to see someone come off this way into the clearly had such -- Zero understanding of what is actually taking place but on that note I would like to say I have definitely that scientists. Who have -- some type of ego problem going -- have you know an attitude problem or win every that of course. But you know in my experience there and not the vast majority there there this vast minority and if anything most scientists -- have a healthy respect for science what science is capable of."

" Yeah I -- you know it's we cope with quite a bit it is people who just casually completely mischaracterized science and scientists just as it suits. If it rhetorical needs that the moment. But that's. Getting back to Carl Sagan -- the things that crossing -- talked a lot about what is the dangers of disconnecting scientists in the scientific process from the public. We have to constantly strive to reconnect. The public with how science works because when they don't understand it this is the kind of thing that happens. Well let's go on the current. Joining us now he's. Michael Goldstein Michael welcome to the skeptics guide. Thanks for having me and Michael is an avid an astute listener from what I understand from Austin Texas he's a seventeen year old senior at Anderson high school. And the reason why we have a wanted to show this week is to talk about starting local skeptical group. And two Michael's experience in doing just that some Michael tells little bit about yourself and how you got started but skepticism."

" And as you said -- and seventeen years old senate and the senior. It's news about fourth Fridays ago in middle school that I became it skeptic I use yet. -- semi professional magician. In whose data is introduced to James Indian peninsula and finally got into the whole. Skeptical movement in baton I don't watch a lot of side a -- show."

" So Michael I remember talking to you and on FaceBook years ago and you don't we we our relationship started off as you just ask some questions then. You know back and forth we knew we would be discussing things and then finally one day you love you told me that you were starting to write papers school. And is really interested and that's when it tell us about why you thought to do that how that went over for you."

" Well on the Shia -- In the ATI -- biology toys and one of heat pirates of the I'd be sold this was discussing. How do we know what is science what is pseudo science so we had a short. As small project where we. And many of -- being the skeptic I AM. I was all of this project you -- love this. Oh yeah tennis excellent. The one that candidate focusing on was -- So I I talked about that night talk creationism. And then also because -- so interest in my teacher winds and press that I was so interested in news so much. I started doing. Presentations and Costa sexual presentations in there when no one we had done ending while working class. Only got to do a few that honesty that I got to. The idea of just starting my own club seek it holds involved if possible their presentations I did include staff on. -- psychics and what it's a psychic. Did they do that they do the cold reading. Done YE psychics can be kind harmful. So he's started this skeptical club that your high school nights I'm starting one you'd you'd just due process is now. I say so we're US and the process. I made a face a website. I'm just need to get approval from the principal. And write some bylaws and then I'll be set season. The public high school. Yes the missing question as the teaching of evolution that's cool it's pretty good there is no lag it. I didn't take biology one at this high school because I'm nutrients anti union between my sophomore junior you know it didn't buy it from what I've heard today. Freshman biology teacher -- is there any act. Hired on evolution issue."

" Yes I did pretty -- comes out to the teacher. Needed to enter data right to teach right so Michael you're your teacher like the papers that you wrote and I was actually like kinda giving you some support in the classroom to keep you going."

" Oh yeah she's also the one that has odds and skeptics. She absolutely love my presentations. It didn't she. She was always happen ID didn't have time to make another one for the class is -- have -- So did anyone at any students in the classroom disagree with -- where you're urged skeptical angle was heard. To tapered generally disagree with what you were saying I don't generally agreed with. No one no one spoke out I mean they did ask some questions on for the most part Hart finalists are just keeping quiet. They seem to treatment. That's -- it at least be very interested in what I had read which is important."

" It's a good example the fact that it really takes one person each and social group to be a skeptic and to carry the banner you know again. Americans have a huge impact. Which I think he is partly why even though the skeptical movement being -- modest in size -- just counting like real activists. We can have. A really huge effect on the on the broader society I think that you're showing that in microcosm in what you're doing. So what place you have for the group."

" I talked to -- about this a serie a is hoping to start off just trying to get everyone to understand what exactly skepticism. Is. How it's on opening -- critical eye to everything. In Italy take in claims and dissecting them -- Understanding. Density can make a valid judgment on it and then from there I'm hoping to get speakers -- not -- talk to him. The woman he's the head of the local chapter of the scientific and queries and so was hoping she could come talk to us about you know what they do."

" You know other thing to think about I mean. I don't think we're gonna be flying to Austin any time soon and fortunately conflicts are fresh. Slightly we have done in the video conferences before where people have. We had one audio actually in one video on in the last year where if you couldn't be doing a Skype. Talk you know he he set up in the classroom -- computer in the front of the classroom. And we can talk to the classic and answers questions you know we made -- to video working. So that's something to consider I don't know what what kind attack could support your school has -- that."

" That's -- this -- if this projectors and everything via com impact I was talking to me about and united we sent out some -- I think absolutely wonderful. You know you can do that with with a lot of different speakers across the country you know it's not the -- get people to -- and you're gonna you're definitely gonna. -- Any local skeptics say you have -- another question -- askew was has anyone shown any interest is anybody else in the school though. -- you're starting this club life in -- spent as much as possible and Dan I don't know if this is good indicator of how many shell out to the car so far it is now forty people in the face but that's good. I've got and I've gotten a lot of positive feedback on the everyone I've talked to seems to be instant awesome. That's a great start I mean do like some of the local skeptic groups that I have been to I don't think they have forty members so. Did it like we said Don a lot of active skeptics. By its people -- definitely interested in the top. People are very interested in. And no alternative medicine because she's UW win people interested to know about -- wants to be healthy. 71 wants to know. What the best medicine you know."

" You can capitalize on hot topic so for example you can have a meeting that you just advertise says you know H1N1 flu. And vaccines you know how to protect yourself separating fact from fiction there you go people flocked to that."

" are only thinking about. You know doing each each needing have a different kind of topic to open throw them on. Michael you're effort in doing this is also good to put on your resume for colleges well -- yeah definitely. Michael it's --"

" It'd be obviously really support -- you're doing would like to see the kind of thing that you're doing replicated -- high schools throughout the country and and you -- any listeners that we have in high school. You should consider doing something similar start up a skeptical group it's really easy meet with the social media we have these days it's really easy to get. A core group as you say to start a FaceBook page. -- and then you can go from there he could start a blog you could network in other ways with the out of you know video conferencing stuff that most schools have you can. -- there's anything to a community of of scientists and skeptics who would love to I don't talk for -- high schools and you are also at the college level. So there really I think is the I need for these kind of groups and it's we really appreciate what you don't. Our Michael thanks for joining us -- damaged having them and out of an iMac. The following interview is that next installment on the interviews ever recorded by Rebecca while she was at hand London."

" How they would -- named Rebecca Watson. What are you doing it sounded it."

" I happened to run skeptic got to work and also I'm upon cancer on the skeptics guide the universe. What's your name. My name's -- Danny and what do you doing it to him London."

" I think he's a podcast called little atoms and I'm hand."

" To make a podcast the town that's funny is actually I was going to make a podcast for the skeptics guide."

" You know be really cool -- that. What do we do it together."

" that's on about idea we have we have in mind."

" But I'm thinking you know it's a it is a gathering and scientists and skeptics amassed no less than you know we could cause some real hard work into it come with some really great and he's make it really important record of the weekend."

" Mean you know that's a great idea I really like that I'm just gonna throw this one mountain out there some rethink how about instead. We do hardly any work at all we have a good time to drag. Fun people into a closet. Where we record them telling bawdy jokes and having a good time."

" yes guerilla data yet awesome that's got its. Yeah and Hillary and now govern not so that that's for got to stick and -- expect great. Should Gemini -- Gemini -- James jury."

" That was totally for the yes you vote. My name is still plate and I like long walks on the beach and holding hands and romantic moonlit champagne dinners. And I'm here to run the conference. And -- I'm not that's the best part two as -- just sitting in the front row and laughing along with everybody else industry. How are you enjoying the show us have I am enjoying it so far. -- know it's been it's been terrific. It's different than the vaguest sense there's a lot more swearing. But it it seems proper and in context as opposed to just thrown out there for shock value like Americans do it's it's. When brits doing it's it's very civilized and I feel like I should we have increments and T -- They're using terrible terrible language on stage but in fact it's been very cool starter bring -- start off with. Hi physics and cosmology it's of course I was I was taken that that was awesome. And it's it's been cool to hear from all these people who are basically -- sentencing me gold Acre area ensuring it's just entering."

" There was into the definitive in the yen and they -- and something nice that was interest in the liar that within the last Vegas is wearing. Them now. Now it's just it's just done in a much more accrued and and no matter now I don't know which is where Americans you know it's it's in a different accent that's sure. -- And it is -- I'm not. I think in in things like that speaking -- none of that is it is it too early to ask about him on in 30. Well you know there's only a few years left before the earth is destroyed 32 so I'm hoping that we -- get a couple more -- talking about it we'll see if it just looks good in that but no it said the -- count. Islanders and I answer the -- will think they're going to be zombies that's what I've read actual clients and yet -- come out of their grades yet murder and they're gonna make. Tamales and well mixing itself racist racist no don't know what what what is the mine in food. There was some not. Is it that's hot chocolate and okay tamales. I guess I think it's that is just Mexican I don't know. Currently being racist. Racist that's it disability -- if anything Canada. Netanyahu. No number I'm -- tomorrow knows something I'm thinking of when he wrapped it up and I was reading I was reading about it when we went to Mexico when call now thinking of tomorrow because that's the corn. Anyways it thank you hello I'm not a power to police here -- are actually so I anyway you can edit that out. I think this is this is going really well. And I there're only a handful of you know really pretty good skeptics here so we're gonna run out of speakers pretty quickly but you know in case we don't there'll be. Planning board attempt to tap into I think in it and do and donate -- every year be -- we already have people emailing from other countries and they want me. And like India -- with a -- it's on -- looking for better you know ten Luxembourg I think would be great because. The entire country could show the house and we would barely spent that or VATICAN say it's been slow so. But you know -- a speaker that. So there you recently made Preston James Randi foundation to tell is only basically what is today -- why we hit -- ultimately. Fairly -- met office aggression and -- BC thirteen point seven billion years ago we. Well there's there was a lot of."

" Talk about a for a long time we have a lot of British folks who come over and get -- and shops in the community we know there's a big skeptic. Community here thriving although another bank has moved here sure wither and die. And so you know I came here a year and half ago due to skeptics in the -- there were 200 people here that that's. That's sort of how many they get 200 people show all times clearly strong community here you can skeptics and Scientologist and other other other folks and so it just seemed like a natural thing to do that this would be the first one we would do internationally. I noted that their other countries like Australia have strong skeptical contingent. And so any place where there's a good community you know we'd love to do that helped build a community there if you find out who's there to tap the big skeptics. So that they can come in and give toxin and spread the word. A lot of people in America. -- know about Simon Singh and -- Acre but maybe not like household names not like Penn and teller and habitats -- So we can do that as well and give the guys here in international audience there. And vice Versa and I think that would --"

" Thank you very much I think you had there what's your name I'm Chris French and what you did inherit him London many great time."

" That that -- all the all the speakers that being brilliant. And the mullah Massoud the the the -- event -- has been --"

" Couldn't ask them any time."

" Loads and it just about Huntington mention absolutely fantastic. The video link though with Randy was wonderful. Richard as though noises and a fantastic job to keep beating the whole thing wrote in a long and keeping everybody entertainment you know the -- and as he -- he thought he was inspirational. Simon -- get -- told sung and the wolves. -- brilliant I mean it just all do this because I mean but Robin insisting last night and it's it's Adobe and yet ready and at Gracie."

" You are unfortunately not given -- talk today that."

" You'd did debut. News skeptic magazine he certainly did the new expanding -- skeptics from 28 pages devoted pages www. -- dot -- dot UK. Yeah I think your practices that. Element of this and subliminal pro -- slipping these things in basically."

" If you don't. And this is a total liabilities and is the magazine that there's -- in the."

" Little items is our official pop ups and what -- fantastic podcast it is. Probably explain the findings to the uniqueness I don't. I am good. And identity and effectiveness. And yeah on the that you that the universe is actually in our. That's got -- he's the biggest it podcasts on me that the month yeah. That's right now that I can't even give your podcast afloat without people misspelling and it trying to find the though the little Adam's yeah. As though John Adams the very tight you've got Adam yeah. Easily could have I think it is all I. -- religious Africa and a science and yes the tiny. Are bad. Had it with you and the nickname. The little little they leave it -- again no that's not the TV. But I don't think -- he -- I think it's the but thank you -- the."

" What's your name Christina locked in and know what he's doing here at him London. And Fannie and -- Surrounded by chanting classes for the conference team. Into jeans. Are you a little turned on another element in the cabinet this is the best place to they have this has been fun -- honest thing. The -- left the scope and quality and at night. And some -- and I intend seek out serving in distant on the narrative that in and it can -- different naming an Avant and given a gender or any -- their quest -- then -- say. A year -- is basically Tedisco be funny yeah and that could be. Not possible I don't know it's that the toughest crowds as sometimes that they were angry with me. Because in an of that affection and common and -- friction as a woman and yep yep it's the cry yet and some might just the African. For each of them go to an analyst and then nine anoint him one month. You -- it booming."

" I have. It meant. -- in the membership these sounds as a time when I got a mound about it sometimes and -- the amazing -- the Anaheim and in -- and men I served Schneider and he sheepishly Yang. And then. It is -- And the system is comedy that I just kind of do my job I can this company whatever it is -- come to the committee and Kubiak and Islamic command lines even back and in and I just I'm. They're great gig is the kind of thing I live on is people that potentially gonna kill me not the media often angry. Lagging you know you can come to America with guns there -- you know and makes out of began -- stuff I had gone out and pack up their -- against Iran and techniques didn't -- and hasn't -- yes. But I am not own checking and science -- the end of countenance Hudson and at some nights in light just. I'll -- it and have fun element and tinkering with since then you know. What made you last year afterwards to review the crowd the last yes and in defiance of the plan is agreement might be in the continent -- again. This is albeit in hand Eric this is that you funny -- is wrong because we can quietly. Well thanks so much for talking to that's like adding it -- a Ryan I don't know all right."

" It's time home shine. All."

" Each week I come up with besides these items or fax -- real and 16. Affiliations. And a challenge right panelists skeptics to tell me which one is the fake. Everyone ready for this week now and then uniquely that it immediately apparent that it yet what to hold other equipment -- We can have a whole other show on words but it and then some. Were but I digest where there -- one."

" According to the US Geological Survey. The US uses less water than it did 25 years ago despite a 30% increase in population. -- number two a new study finds that being overweight or obese significantly."

" Increases fertility in women. And -- and number three astronomers have discovered an atmosphere around a neutron star data first."

" So according to US Geological Survey. US use less water than that -- years ago despite 30% increase in population. Men. That is really hard part water Steve how can we possibly be using 30%. I'm sorry. He says we're using less water than we did 25 years ago but it doesn't say how much how much water is you know is less. Can you tell me with that is Steve relative 5% you know that could be that could be definitely possible just with. I don't know -- that's that's a really interesting thing he that you're pretty there against the Steve and he euphoric but okay excellent. A new study finds that being overweight or obese significantly increases fertility women. Well I have read stories of sat teenage girls getting pregnant like it speeds up then entering puberty. That's the only piece of information I have about that but you know I'm sure that well what a woman's hormones could change because of the body mass. You know a man's gut -- to gets to a particular size is actually considered to be it and a separate organs. Because of the resources uses because of the chemicals that produces and everything so. That's definitely plausible. And a steroid astronomers have discovered an atmosphere around a neutron star. Okay so many questions here and atmosphere meaning. A layer of gas that's correct and I'd like to know. Would that layer of gas actually be on the circus of the star is it more of like like a range. You know and they say atmosphere Steve is it safe for me to assume that they're talking about it similar to the waiters and atmosphere Rainier yes. And depending on what I -- you just think that the gas would ignite. Are you blown away. For us neutron star into that's really really cool -- really interesting. But I'm going to say that they want about the water is -- McCain haven't US geological serious thing."

" We're using less water. I don't know what to make of that. Seems unlikely. Insults they probably about that -- put that -- him likely -- And then the study about being overweight. Significantly increasing fertility in women. CNN significantly. It's kind of -- catch word that sometimes turns out to be an indicator that. Maybe that's not correct. And then the astronomers discovered an answer on the neutron star is the most fascinating of the tree items. Without thinking about too much I would say that you know that what has to be fiction but beaten yet you know in an atmosphere can be. And we we think of an atmosphere on earth Brayton and use it in you think about that around any chance you'll -- the you know very varying levels and -- so. So yeah I think there could be an atmosphere around neutron star although very you know miles this year probably. So therefore. I'm gonna say. That the study about obese. Women significant increase in fertility that one inspection."

" yeah this first one with. Without using this water 25 years ago even -- our part the nation's third and bigger. Yeah and the service that he's pretty wacky but I think our our methods of saving water aren't so much better than -- word. 25 years goes like shower heads of Fossett's. I think I think that really makes me think that does is feasible. The third one Dempster on a neutron star you have been my knee jerk reaction to that is the way. But then the I think what what kind of average street talking about exactly did you know for instance at the moon has an atmosphere. Today extremely rarefied it's I think if you took all the air inside of account baseball stadium that's pretty much. The amount of atmosphere that that the moon has so maybe it's extremely rarefied and and dance amateur from what I'm not. Totally against that possibility of that. But the second one here overweight and -- significantly increasing fertility women. That doesn't sound quite right can be significant. Increase like -- said that that word is kind of realistic announcement an old piece. -- minute say that it's fixed."

" Okay so like it's going reverse order since you all agree. That astronomers have discovered an atmosphere around the neutron star which would be quite amazing -- And got one news. Science. Aside guys have any idea what does that is here is the president -- our carpet did you read up on average yes. I had ID gets an idea I skimmed it okay scan some static -- just for the title actually it's an exciting. And this is new evidence from the Chandra X ray telescope. Has found evidence for carbon atmosphere. Around neutron star which is a remnant from it supernova. Carbon atmosphere is thought to be only about four inches thick. With the density similar to diamond in the print from an intent to that founded the center of the earth why now so second. Is it gas ya are moments ago really isn't really dense. It's not the structure of diamond it's not a crystal but we Democrat."

" All that that puts different paint job of course it had to be given to neutron star I was head to be -- itself -- and -- now. It is now he doesn't doesn't really can be really -- a layer of diamond to -- trust I don't think it's 980. Davis' time. I've talked about blank that neutron stars got the protest but lately it's probably a chart. And it did definitely a loose usage of the word atmosphere. And all that well anyway I'm not had been -- I it is unhappy mark that down. Conrad that we don't have that in them Barbara now that's better evidence for and carbon emissary nutrients aren't the center -- it suddenly got -- is who can say -- one."

" didn't return next -- study finds that being overweight or be significantly increase his fertility in women and that one fiction is fiction fiction. -- yes this is what I seriously I've never. Taken in news item and need to use the -- significantly to making true -- take. The I don't know why you bring that I'd never done. Utilities say oh that that's fake because it's -- alive -- be a little bit -- but not but not significantly more. Do all the time I've never done. I was gonna say I know why I say that it's identifiable -- person -- will reverse it to make -- that -- to make it wrong. War -- recently by using the actual number I'll increase of -- pre order of magnitude meters something. Actually evident after a long time. Anyways -- these guys do we -- I would I so what's naked truth or fiction of enemies hinge solely on the use of the words significant."

" I don't think it would hagee is Steve and I think it's it's -- sick after me that -- that word. Made me it made it even less well as opposed to a significantly increases fertility and of that makes it a non story. But in any case any any increase that they could be -- with this study showed was that it actually decreased fertility. And obesity see -- strongly significantly cuts odds of successful pregnancy. So that's why it's always it's easier for me to make sure it's actually affected by reverse something that's that's true. Steve what about the things that I mentioned and I was trying to figure out what that feels warm yes side is a hormone producing tissue. Actually estrogen produced -- also is an inflammatory tissue actually increases inflammation in the body. And that could actually be why it is linked to as a as it is a risk factor for a lot of things at him more to do with the inclination results that as a consequence. They sound stats -- the retrieve the chances of becoming pregnant were decreased 35% less likely to -- pregnant. In women with class -- obesity 20% less than class to. And 9% less -- class one. -- are overweight women. So there was a dose response -- you bill the more overweight you wear them. The greater the decrease in the risk of becoming pregnant until you see that pattern to Israel reassuring you're looking at a real fact. Not just random noise -- And the odds of still Burress who were increased to fold out and in the obese woman who became pregnant. And so you know lots of risk factors and their and they're recommending that women who are trying to get pregnant try to slimmed down. Also you know. -- women who become pregnant they can become obese during their pregnancy because in the country you know. That we evolved in a very calorie limited environment now we're living in a calorie free environment so. The cravings and hunger that women get a -- surrounded by easily accessible food. You know can increases the risk of becoming overweight or obese during pregnancies so that the board is slim down beforehand. You know and and maintaining a healthy weight throughout the pregnancy. The -- being which means according to the US Geological Survey the US season let's warranted 25 years ago despite a 30% increase of population is. Completely science. Around Sharia interesting report stuff. They seem counterintuitive to actually lot of interest in facts in this report. First of all -- like to guess these kind of numbers how many gallons of water per day. As the United States news."

" like -- and over 300 million people right yes. And it would -- what do they say that each person uses like what ten gallons of water a day that's so Steve's asking that's B billion. How -- 410 billion gallons per day. But probably as you -- totally doesn't technically personal use of water bright idea about that you have a flaw so what's the what is the greatest single use. Of water in this country well you know they make electricity add remove what activity. Yeah what uses the most water it's not homes that you are our exit one parks. In a watering watering plants open and close thermal electric power generation I said that. -- Let's just set it it'll make electricity out of the water they use it to cool the thermal electric power plants I didn't say. 201 billion gallons per day so we haven't got that -- right back into the atmosphere it's not dirty in any way. But it so water that's used so half."

" And the the recent stats of the water usage has been decreased. Is because of the greater efficiencies in power plants have had their use of water. -- entirely that's the big chain around. Welcome it's okay compared 2005 to 1980 to 1980s -- authorities in 1998 year in 1980 was our peak water use. Were down 5% from from that point. Withdrawals for irrigation 2005 for a 128. Billion gallons of -- 201 billion for thermal electric power 120 billion for irrigation. Public supply 44 point two Sereno I tend. In very small percentage and that's 2% more than 2000 -- purse public supplies increased a little bit. Although it's not keeping pace with the populations we are getting more efficient but. -- apart percent of the US population obtaining drinking water from public supplies increased steadily from 62%. In 1950 to 86% in 2005. That's probably also partly why that has increased. So basically storm looked at plenty for agency are using water more efficiently and that's what's responsible and to take half of our worries that that's what's accounted for most of it."

" So is right -- the efficient use of water yet but not shower heads spin it and if if I meant to monitor their heads. I thought I. -- Alcatel above and -- about the the what we -- today's pick -- what is wrong with AJ Disco with being governor right. Now I refuse to do that how you went to Google's critics of the matter I'm not gonna do that pocketed right now. -- the smartest thing I could possibly. I lifeline isn't mister. Not to waver back and not being here throw his knee when he off yeah that's what it's yin and Yang astronaut joke that it's organs. That is not special -- or you could. Re easy -- reads and signs news CNET news whoop well Evan. Can you play us who's -- noisy from last week I can in fact and here it is."

" How do you feel this morning."

" I eighteen. Maybe just aren't."

" So -- can't be too careful. How. Okay so that was that I don't realize I -- actually Stephen I guessed it right after we heard it it was. That kid all it is a little that little bush balloon boy. Al and handing balcony and yet I and I nicknamed him millennium falcon says you know I hope that I know for. In a spaceship and not. How about how old they can't. Six years old -- was born at the turn of the millennium and what you have right -- worked out that but sadly -- know and you know I'm -- I brought this up -- you know -- recent news in -- who was kind of on the ball with their pop culture. But all -- something when I mentioned the news story couple weeks ago something important that -- kind of missed in explaining is that the reveal or the reason the police really became suspect came. Even more suspicious that the father and the mother or perpetrating a hoax. Is that the kid in an Intel live television interview on CNN revealed it. Yes he said -- was for a TV issues sentences for a TV show -- our waterways and if it exactly. -- and it Edith little nerves. -- Though it you know. -- you know kid can exert. Kids are great -- on I have a six year old daughter. And so it's just like this. Little innocent six year old kid basically punctures you know puts the pin and the balloon and effective punctures the."

" Whole mystery well whether -- parents really pinning their hopes on the sexual Kate keeping this story secret. I don't know I I don't plan we'll ask a key player in the whole thing and reading had to keep his mouth -- basically didn't. So that have flawed plan from the get the canary sun as they said. As this so what do you have for us this week but first of all is gonna tell us who got it right. I we predicted this would be an easy wanted to dictate it -- about 200 milliseconds. For somebody to have to get this home with early past wasn't -- Mad scientist working. From the message boards then posted its first and got it right but totally appropriate as we talked but the movement -- that's. Now this week's noisy OK to voice all right but I think that's -- going to be all that easy. This one is that it is quite challenging here --"

" his face is snarling we're. And John Connolly is so -- greater concern. And air fare Air Force One got to love field. You think Joan -- coming to an air one roof politically. And John -- hit -- far away look."

" a full glee and so."

" But this was. This is now in obvious or -- next week. And you know it's pretty obvious what they're talking about so there's a there's a clue yet but this is this person is. You know what I didn't know this person existed. Until -- on this particular clip. And decide to share with you also it is not any well known personality I can assure you that. Okay to try to do your research they were -- confined. And let us now good luck and thank you seven. Today at a separate quote the listener named John dreads. DER easy for Minnesota. Minnesota's. Go to hell I can I don't know if John. Did you Louis. The CN skills and then I feel bad flashing light of the -- this is code for. -- get oh number uno won it and made Miguel to make us guys I did its date and of you know. Miguel they would of Bhutto. It has more to his name which statement -- he was an essayist and novelist poet playwright and a philosopher a -- came from Spain. So he wrote the skeptic does not mean him who doubts but him who investigates -- researches. As opposed to him who asserts and thinks that he has yet again."

" And go and his orchestra and at that the that's one hell of a name. Yet what does order a moon no mean. It means I want to know it's and Spanish for one. Laguna -- doesn't. -- typically do not know not -- What is the what is way that's -- Luna. Which is less David JUGO what does that mean when you don't play goal harder for -- Clinton -- the JUEGO. Where do you Luigi and coins I know I play nobody is JUG a wedding guests Spanish Hugo think she -- That was funds it thanks for joining me is that this week guys surely it's our pleasure thank you and until next week this is yours skeptics guide to the numbers."

" And no I'm very little singing so it's done here is there's been trying. --"

" Okay she's already been around the -- or use our lady. He then you must first its. Man."

" Okay -- Okay. When -- burn somewhere and you know it's scar I calls to us we can't destroy so. We -- one do you temperatures. Those are. More news on the way it's not. Morning. More news here. We unless. No it's. -- a new religion even slowly lost. -- area. Our depends how. -- us from more than."

" When it's."

" Seen them online and you generators."

" Let's talk when the concept of it's. It'll lab module in your."

" More news. On -- Morning. It's. Anyway."

" Sorry. Calls to us but we do not destroyer so. -- mean one minute he's. Miniatures. It stars."

" Thousand years. And I won't turn -- file name and turns in the -- on her in terms of the world hair. -- thank you calls. During dinner impossible didn't run any other randomness and the -- and and easy Carlos Reyes. They -- so well."

" You're completely. And this time in the first. You need experience we are."

" I."

" The world. Glorious day on the witness. Morning you'll 400."

" Its on going. Mourning the war."

" Anyway. Here. Does not mean. I mean wean them away. --"